Phrase completions

Phrase completions consist of a phrase followed by an 11-point response key. The phrase introduces part of the concept. Marking a reply on the response key completes the concept. The response key represents the underlying theoretical continuum. Zero(0)indicates the absence of the construct. Ten(10)indicates the theorized maximum amount of the construct. Response keys are reversed on alternate items to mitigate response set bias.

I am aware of the presence of God or the Divine

  Never                                                                       Continually                                                                            
   0	    1	    2	    3	    4	    5	    6	    7	    8	    9	    10

After the questionnaire is completed the score on each item is summed together, to create a test score for the respondent. Hence, Phrase Completions, like Likert scales, are often considered to be summative scales.

The response categories represent an ordinal level of measurement. Ordinal level data, however, varies in terms of how closely it approximates interval level data. By using a numerical continuum as the response key instead of sentiments that reflect intensity of agreement, respondents may be able to quantify their responses in more equal units.

• Hodge, D. R. & Gillespie, D. F. (2003). Phrase Completions: An alternative to Likert scales. Social Work Research, 27(1), 45-55.
• Hodge, D. R. & Gillespie, D. F. (2005). Phrase Completion Scales. In K. Kempf-Leonard (Editor). Encyclopedia of Social Measurement. (Vol. 3, pp. 53-62). San Diego: Academic Press.
• Hodge, D. R. & Gillespie, D. F. (2007). Phrase Completion Scales: A Better Measurement Approach than Likert Scales? Journal of Social Service Research, 33, (4), 1-12.

• Likert scale
• Analog scale
• Guttman scale
• Thurstone scale
• Mokken scale
• Bogardus Social Distance Scale
• F-scale
• Discan scale
• Diamond of opposites