Pilea
Pilea, with 600–715 species, is the largest genus of flowering plants in the nettle family Urticaceae, and one of the larger genera in the Urticales.
| Pilea | |
|---|---|
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| Pilea rotundinucula | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Urticaceae |
| Tribe: | Elatostemateae |
| Genus: | Pilea Lindl., 1821 |
| Species | |
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See text | |
It is distributed throughout the tropics, subtropics, and warm temperate regions (with the exception of Australia and New Zealand).
The majority of species are succulent shade-loving herbs or shrubs, which are easily distinguished from other Urticaceae by the combination of opposite leaves (with rare exceptions) with a single ligulate intrapetiolar stipule in each leaf axil and cymose or paniculate inflorescences (again with rare exceptions).
Pilea is of little economic importance; six species have horticultural value (P. cadierei, P. grandifolia, P. involucrata, P. microphylla, P. nummulariifolia, and P. peperomioides),[1] and one species is used in Chinese traditional medicine (P. plataniflora). The genus has attracted little monographic attention since Weddell (1869), and the majority of taxonomic contributions have come from floristic treatments. To date, 787 species names have been published (International Plant Names Index, 2003) and estimates for the species number range from 250 to 1000.[2] Based on previous floristic treatments, about 30% of the species from regions not yet covered by contemporary floristic treatments may be undescribed.
The genus name is derived from Latin pileus, "felt cap", because of the calyx covering the achene.
Species include
- Pilea cadierei — aluminium plant
- Pilea cataractae
- Pilea cavernicola
- Pilea crassifolia
- Pilea depressa
- Pilea elegans
- Pilea fontana
- Pilea glauca — silver sprinkles
- Pilea glaucophylla
- Pilea grandifolia
- Pilea involucrata — friendship plant
- Pilea jamesonia
- Pilea laevicaulis
- Pilea matama
- Pilea microphylla — artillery plant, gunpowder plant
- Pilea mollis — Moon Valley plant
- Pilea myriantha
- Pilea myriophylla
- Pilea napoana
- Pilea nummulariifolia — creeping Charlie
- Pilea peperomioides — Chinese money plant, missionary plant
- Pilea plataniflora
- Pilea pollicaris
- Pilea pumila — Canadian clearweed
- Pilea repens — black-leaf panamiga
- Pilea riopalenquensis
- Pilea schimpfii
- Pilea selbyanorum
- Pilea serpyllacea
- Pilea serratifolia
- Pilea spruceana
- Pilea topensis
- Pilea trianthemoides
- Pilea trichosanthes
- Pilea trilobata
- Pilea tungurahuae
- Pilea victoriae
Fossil record
The fossil species †Pilea cantalensis was widely distributed in Europe and West Siberia during the Miocene and Pliocene. It is related to the East Asian Pilea mongolica and to the North American Pilea pumila.[3]
References
- RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
- (C. D. Adams, BM, personal communication).
- Łańcucka-Środoniowa M.: Macroscopic plant remains from the freshwater Miocene of the Nowy Sącz Basin (West Carpathians, Poland) [Szczątki makroskopowe roślin z miocenu słodkowodnego Kotliny Sądeckiej (Karpaty Zachodnie, Polska)]. Acta Palaeobotanica 1979 20 (1): 3-117.
- Britton, N.L.; Brown, A. (1913). An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States and Canada. Dover. pp. 634. ISBN 978-0-486-22642-2.
- Fouler Rhoads, A.; Block, T.A. (2000). The Plants of Pennsylvania. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 694. ISBN 978-0-8122-3535-7.
- Hortus Third, pages 872-873
- Monro 2006
- Monro, A.K. (2009). "A new species of Pilea(Urticaceae) from the Talamanca Mountains, Costa Rica". Phytotaxa. 2: 24–28. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.2.1.4.
- Strausbaugh, P.D.; Core, E.L. (1964). Flora of West Virginia (2nd ed.). Seneca Books. pp. 318–9. ISBN 978-0-89092-010-7.
- Weddell, H.A. (1869). "Pilea". In De Candolle, A. (ed.). Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis. 16. Paris: Victoris Masson. pp. 104–163.
- USDA U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Plants Database
Further reading
- Chen, C.J. (1982). "A monograph of Pilea (Urticaceae) in China". Bull. Bot. Res. 2: 1–132.
- Monro, A.K. (2006). "The revision of species-rich genera: a phylogenetic framework for the strategic revision of Pilea (Urticaceae) based on cpDNA, nrDNA, and morphology". Am. J. Bot. 93 (3): 426–441. doi:10.3732/ajb.93.3.426. PMID 21646202.
Data related to Pilea at Wikispecies