Polishing

Polishing is the process of creating a smooth and shiny surface by rubbing it or by applying a chemical treatment, leaving a clean surface with a significant specular reflection (still limited by the index of refraction of the material according to the Fresnel equations).[1] In some materials (such as metals, glasses, black or transparent stones), polishing is also able to reduce diffuse reflection to minimal values.

For other uses, see Polish (disambiguation).

When an unpolished surface is magnified thousands of times, it usually looks like a succession of mountains and valleys. By repeated abrasion, those "mountains" are worn down until they are flat or just small "hills." The process of polishing with abrasives starts with a coarse grain size and gradually proceeds to the finer ones to efficiently flatten the surface imperfections and to obtain optimal results.

Mechanical properties

The strength of polished products can be higher than their rougher counterparts owing to the removal of stress concentrations present in the rough surface. They take the form of corners and other defects which magnify the local stress beyond the inherent strength of the material.[2]

Types

Metalworking
Main article: Polishing (metalworking)

Other polishing processes include:

Woodworking

Other

References
  1. Floor Scrubber, archived from the original on 2016-08-31, retrieved 2008-01-04.
  2. Zucuni, Camila Pauleski; Dapieve, Kiara Serafini; Rippe, Marília Pivetta; Pereira, Gabriel Kalil Rocha; Bottino, Marco Cícero; Valandro, Luiz Felipe (2019). "Influence of finishing/polishing on the fatigue strength, surface topography, and roughness of an yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals subjected to grinding". Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 93: 222–229. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.02.013. PMID 30831358.
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