Pomadasys stridens

Pomadasys stridens has a silvery body which is slightly darker dorsally than it is ventrally, it has 3-4 golden-brown stripes along its body, merging towards the caudal peduncle,[2] and a dark blotch on the operculum.[3] It has a relatively large head with a small, slightly oblique mouth and two pores on the tip of the chin which lie in front of a short indentation.[2] It has 12 spines and 13–14 soft rays in the dorsal fin with 3 spines and 3 soft rays in the anal fin.[3] It grows up to 23 cm[4] standard length but averages 10 cm,[2] with females normally growing to a slightly larger size than males.[5]

Pomadasys stridens is indigenous to the western Indian Ocean from the Red Sea south along the eastern African coast to South Africa, east to the western coast of India, including the Persian Gulf, Lakshadweep archipelago and the Maldives, it is also found off Madagascar and the Seychelles and Mascarene islands.[3][5] It was recorded for the first time in the Mediterranean in 1969 in the Gulf of Genoa, later being found in the Bardawil Lagoon in Sinai and then being reported in the Levantine Sea off the coasts of Israel and Lebanon. By 2011 it was established off İskenderun in Turkey with 335 being collected in 2011 and 2012, with the first record for the Aegean Sea in 2015, while this species was also recorded for the first time in waters off eastern Cyprus in 2014.[6][7]

Pomadasys stridens is found in waters over sandy and muddy substrates down to a depth of 55m,[2] but has been associated with reefs[3] and with rocky tidal pools.[4]

Pomadasys stridens spawns between December and March in the Persian Gulf,[5] while in the Mediterranean it takes place during the summer,[2] and the fish form pairs during spawning.[3] It is a carnivorous species and the crustaceans, molluscs, small fish and polychaete worms make up the majority of its diet. It is a social species and fish in larger groups fed better than those in smaller groups[4]

Pomadasys stridens is not regarded as a food fish in South Africa where it may be caught as a bait fish but it is regarded as a commercially important food fish in the northern Indian Ocean in areas such as the Gulf of Aqaba, Persian Gulf and the Bitter Lakes in Egypt.[5][3]