Pretty Baby (1978 film)

Pretty Baby is a 1978 American historical drama film directed by Louis Malle, and starring Brooke Shields, Keith Carradine, and Susan Sarandon. The screenplay was written by Polly Platt. The plot focuses on a 12-year-old prostitute in the red-light district of New Orleans at the turn of the 20th century.

Pretty Baby
Theatrical release poster
Directed byLouis Malle
Produced byLouis Malle
Screenplay byPolly Platt
Story byPolly Platt
Louis Malle
StarringBrooke Shields
Keith Carradine
Susan Sarandon
Music byFerdinand Morton
CinematographySven Nykvist
Edited bySuzanne Fenn
Distributed byParamount Pictures
Release date
  • April 5, 1978 (1978-04-05) (United States)
Running time
109 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Box office$5.8 million

The title of the film is inspired by the Tony Jackson song, "Pretty Baby", which is used in the soundtrack. Although the film was mostly praised by critics, it caused significant controversy due to its depiction of child prostitution and the nude scenes of Brooke Shields, who was 12 years old.

Plot

In 1917, during the last months of legal prostitution in Storyville, the red-light district of New Orleans, Louisiana, Hattie is a prostitute working at an elegant brothel run by the elderly, cocaine-sniffing Madame Nell. Hattie has given birth to a baby boy and has a 12-year-old daughter, Violet, who lives in the house. When photographer Ernest J. Bellocq comes with his camera, Hattie and Violet are the only people awake. He asks to be allowed to take photographs of the women. Madame Nell agrees only after he offers to pay.

Bellocq becomes a fixture in the brothel, photographing the prostitutes, mostly Hattie. His activities fascinate Violet, though she believes he is falling in love with her mother, which makes her jealous. Violet is a restless child, frustrated by the long, precise process Bellocq must go through to compose and take pictures.

Nell decides that Violet is old enough for her virginity to be auctioned off. After a bidding war among regulars, Violet is bought by an apparently quiet customer. Hattie, meanwhile, aspires to escape prostitution. She marries a customer and leaves for St. Louis without her daughter, whom her husband believes to be her sister. Hattie promises to return for Violet, once she's settled and has broken the news to the new spouse.

Violet runs away from the brothel after being punished for some hijinks. She appears on Bellocq's doorstep and asks him if he will sleep with her and take care of her. He initially says no, but then he takes her in and commences having a sexual relationship with the child. In many ways, their relationship resembles one between a parent and child, with Bellocq standing in for Violet's absent mother. Bellocq even buys Violet a doll, telling her that "every child should have a doll". Bellocq is entranced by Violet's beauty, youth, and photogenic face. She is frustrated by Bellocq's devotion to his photography and lack of care for her as a dependent, as much as he is frustrated by the reality that she is a child.

Violet eventually returns to Nell's after quarreling with Bellocq, but social reform groups are forcing the brothels of Storyville to close. Bellocq arrives to wed Violet, ostensibly to protect her from the larger world.

Two weeks after the wedding, Hattie and her husband arrive from St. Louis to collect Violet, claiming that her marriage is illegal without their consent. Bellocq does not want to let Violet go. Violet asks if he will go with her and her family. Upon hearing that she does in fact want to go with them, he lets her leave without him, realizing that schooling and a more conventional life will benefit her greatly.

Main cast

Film music
Main article: Pretty Baby (soundtrack)

ABC Records released a soundtrack of the film's ragtime score, which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adaptation Score in the "Adaptation Score" category.

Content and rating

Pretty Baby received an R rating in the United States, an X rating in the United Kingdom, and an R18+ rating in Australia, for nudity and sexual content. Continuing controversy over Shields' nude scenes resulted in the film being banned in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Saskatchewan until it was repealed in 1995. Gossip columnist Rona Barrett called the film "child pornography", and director Louis Malle allegedly was portrayed as a "combination of Lolita's Humbert Humbert and (by that point) controversial director Roman Polanski".[1] In Argentina, the film, along with another of Paramount's recent releases (Looking for Mr. Goodbar), was banned under the regime of Jorge Rafael Videla during that country's last civil/military dictatorship due in large part to the "pornographic" content that was present in both films.[2] For five years, the film was also banned by the apartheid regime in South Africa.[3]

In addition to the issue of child prostitution, the scenes involving a nude 12-year-old Brooke Shields were controversial.[1] The BBFC originally censored two scenes for the film's cinema release in the UK to remove nudity, but the uncut version was released on DVD in 2006.[4] This same uncut print is the basis of the Region 1 and Region 2 DVD editions worldwide.[5]

Reception

Box office

Pretty Baby earned $5.8 million in the United States.[6]

Critical reception

The film received mostly positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 71% of 28 critics had given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 6.88/10.[7]

The issues of prostitution and child pornography were not far from critics' thoughts. In his New York Times review Vincent Canby wrote: "Mr. Malle, the French director ... has made some controversial films in his time but none, I suspect, that is likely to upset convention quite as much as this one – and mostly for the wrong reasons. Though the setting is a whorehouse, and the lens through which we see everything is Violet, who ... herself becomes one of Nell's chief attractions, Pretty Baby is neither about child prostitution nor is it pornographic." Canby ended his review with the claim that Pretty Baby is "... the most imaginative, most intelligent, and most original film of the year to date."[8]

Similarly, Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert, who gave the film three stars out of four, discussed how "... Pretty Baby has been attacked in some quarters as child porn. It's not. It's an evocation of a time and a place and a sad chapter of Americana."[9] He also praised Shields' performance, writing that she "... really creates a character here; her subtlety and depth are astonishing."[9]

On the other hand, Variety wrote that "the film is handsome, the players nearly all effective, but the story highlights are confined within a narrow range of ho-hum dramatization."[10] Mountain Xpress critic Ken Hanke, looking at the film from the perspective of 2003, said of Pretty Baby: "It was once shocking and dull. Now it's just dull."[7]

The New York Times placed the film on its Best 1000 Movies Ever list.[11]

Awards

The film won the Technical Grand Prize at the 1978 Cannes Film Festival.[12]

References
  1. McMurran, Kristen. "Pretty Brooke", People (May 29, 1978).
  2. "Censorship: A World Encyclopedia". 2015-05-22. p. 807. Retrieved 2016-01-11.
  3. "The Kubrick Site: Censorship of Kubrick's Films in South Africa". Late in 1983, the DOP reviewed a number of films and released them on circuit. In some cases, as for example Louis Malle's Pretty Baby, the film had been banned and never screened before
  4. "BBFC Case Study: Pretty Baby (1978)".
  5. "Rewind DVD comparison".
  6. Pretty Baby, Internet Movie Database. Accessed May 6, 2010.
  7. "Pretty Baby (1978)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
  8. Canby, Vincent. "Critic's Pick: Pretty Baby," The New York Times (April 5, 1978).
  9. Ebert, Roger. "Pretty Baby," Chicago Sun-Times (June 1, 1978).
  10. Variety Staff. "Pretty Baby" Variety (January 1, 1978). Accessed May 6, 2010.
  11. The Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made. The New York Times via Internet Archive. Published April 29, 2003. Retrieved June 12, 2008.
  12. "Festival de Cannes: Pretty Baby". festival-cannes.com. Retrieved May 21, 2009.
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