Principality of Upper Hungary
The Principality of Upper Hungary[1] (Hungarian: Felső-Magyarországi Fejedelemség; Ottoman Turkish: او رتا ماجار, romanized: Orta Macâr, lit. 'Middle Hungary') was a short lived Ottoman vassal state ruled by Imre Thököly.
Principality of Upper Hungary Felső-Magyarországi Fejedelemség Orta Macar | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1682–1685 | |||||||||
 Principality of Upper Hungary in 1683 | |||||||||
| Status | Vassal state of the Ottoman Empire | ||||||||
| Capital | Kassa (present-day Košice) | ||||||||
| Government | Principality | ||||||||
| Prince | |||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | November 19, 1682 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | October 15, 1685 | ||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | HU | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine | ||||||||
Background
The region of Upper Hungary was considered to be an appanage principality, and it was usually managed by the heir of Hungarian throne, or by a brother of the reigning king. This territory would be administrated from the city of Pozsony (German: Pressburg, today's Bratislava).[2] After peace treaty of Vasvár was signed in 1664, loyalty felt by Hungarians towards Habsburg dynasty was in decline. Imperial administration acted against interests of the Hungarian estates. In 1671 a rebellion was successfully thwarted. However, a year later Mihály Teleki led a more successful rebellion. In 1680 Imre Thököly became the leading figure of the rebellion. These rebellions were supported and sustained by the Ottoman state and the Principality of Transylvania.[3][4]
Establishment and later history
The principality was established on 19 November 1682.[5] The polity agreed to pay 20,000 gold coins to the Ottomans annually.[6] In 1685 Thököly was defeated at Eperjes (present-day Prešov) and the Turks imprisoned him because of his previous negotiations with Leopold therefore his realm ceased to exist.
References
- Hadtörténelmi közlemények, Volume 118, Issues 3-4, Hadtörténeti Intézet és Múzeum, 2005, p. 409
- William Mahoney (18 February 2011). The History of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. ABC-CLIO. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-313-36306-1.
- Balázs Trencsényi; Márton Zászkaliczky (2010). Whose Love of Which Country?: Composite States, National Histories and Patriotic Discourses in Early Modern East Central Europe. BRILL. p. 547. ISBN 90-04-18262-4.
- István Keul (2009). Early Modern Religious Communities in East-Central Europe: Ethnic Diversity, Denominational Plurality, and Corporative Politics in the Principality of Transylvania (1526-1691). BRILL. p. 219. ISBN 90-04-17652-7.
- J. János Varga, A fogyó félhold árnyékában, Gondolat, Budapest, 1986, p. 31
- "Kereszt és félhold". mek.oszk.hu.