Pristimantis memorans
Pristimantis memorans is a species of frogs in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in the Sierra Tapirapecó in the Amazonas state of Venezuela (the type locality) as well as in the adjacent Amazonas state of Brazil (where the range is known as Serra do Tapirapecó).[2][4] The specific name memorans is derived from the present participle of the Latin memoro (="to relate or recount something") and refers to an airplane crash that the expedition witnessed in the jungle below the campsite.[3]
| Pristimantis memorans | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Craugastoridae |
| Genus: | Pristimantis |
| Species: | P. memorans |
| Binomial name | |
| Pristimantis memorans (Myers and Donnelly, 1997) | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
|
Eleutherodactylus memorans Myers and Donnelly, 1997[3] | |
Description
Adult males measure 19–23 mm (0.75–0.91 in) and females 31–32 mm (1.2–1.3 in) in snout–vent length. The head is narrower than the body (more so in females) and longer than it is wide. The snout is rounded or bluntly pointed in dorsal view and rounded in lateral view. The tympanum is distinct and vertically elongated. The fingers and toes have terminal discs but no webbing. Skin on the dorsum is tubercular. Ground color is usually brown, but individuals were reddish or orangish or even dark greenish brown. There are vague, black markings, including a bar between the eyes, and in many individuals, a W-shaped mark behind the head. Some specimens may have scattered, small, pale yellow spots. The ventrum is gray, sometimes with pale spots.[3]
Males have a large subgular vocal sac. The male advertisement call consists of 1–4 loud "tinks". Males seem to answer their neighbors' calls with similar calls, that is, two-note call would trigger a two-note call. The dominant frequency is 2480–2760 Hz.[3]
Habitat and conservation
The species' natural habitats are montane forests[1] at elevations of 350–1,270 m (1,150–4,170 ft) above sea level.[4] Individuals have been found in dense ridge-top forest where males were calling both day and night, in low vegetation in a stream-side forest at night,[3] and on the ground in a forest bordering a river.[4] Calling activity suggested an abundant population at the ridge-top site, even though individuals were difficult to locate.[3] Development is direct, without free-living larval stage.[1]
No major threats to this species are known. It occurs in the Parima Tapirapecó National Park, Venezuela.[1]
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References
- Manzanilla, J. & La Marca, E. (2004). "Pristimantis memorans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T56758A11516759. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T56758A11516759.en.
- Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Pristimantis memorans (Myers and Donnelly, 1997)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
- Myers, C. W. & Donnelly, M. A. (1997). "A tepui herpetofauna on a granitic mountain (Tamacuari) in the borderland between Venezuela and Brazil: Report from the Phipps Tapirapecó Expedition". American Museum Novitates. 3213: 1–71. hdl:2246/3610.
- Caramaschi, U. & de Niemeyer, H. (2005). "Geographic distribution: Eleutherodactylus memorans" (PDF). Herpetological Review. 36: 74.