Pristimantis

Pristimantis is a very large genus of frogs distributed in the southern Caribbean (Lesser Antilles) and in Central and South America from Honduras to northern Argentina and southern Brazil.[1] With 546 described species (as of 2019), Pristimantis had more species than any other genus of vertebrate animals.[2] Many of these species genus are endemic to the Northwestern Andean montane forests ecoregion in northwestern South America.[3]

Pristimantis
P. cruentus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Craugastoridae
Genus: Pristimantis
Jiménez de la Espada, 1870[1]
Diversity
Over 540 species, see text

Taxonomy

Placement of this genus has varied greatly. Pristimantis was long included in the massive genus Eleutherodactylus, and considered part of the family Leptodactylidae. Currently two solutions prevail, either placing Pristimantis in the family Strabomantidae, subfamily Strabomantinae,[2][4] or in Craugastoridae, subfamily Ceuthomantinae.[1]

Species

As of October 2019, there are 546 species, but new ones are being described on regular basis:[1][5][6]

Notes
  1. Frost, Darrel R. (2017). "Pristimantis Jiménez de la Espada, 1870". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  2. "Strabomantidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2014. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
  3. C. Michael Hogan & World Wildlife Fund. 2012. Northwestern Andean montane forests. ed. P.Saundry. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC
  4. Blackburn, D.C.; Wake, D.B. (2011). "Class Amphibia Gray, 1825. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148: 39–55. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.8.
  5. Reyes-Puig, Carolina; Reyes-Puig, Juan Pablo; Velarde-Garcéz, Daniel A.; Dávalos, Nicolás; et al. (2019). "A new species of terrestrial frog Pristimantis (Strabomantidae) from the upper basin of the Pastaza River, Ecuador". ZooKeys (832): 113–133. doi:10.3897/zookeys.832.30874.
  6. Székely, Paul; Eguiguren, Juan Sebastián; Ordóñez-Delgado, Leonardo; Armijos-Ojeda, Diego; Székely, Diana (10 September 2020). Lötters, Stefan (ed.). "Fifty years after: A taxonomic revision of the amphibian species from the Ecuadorian biodiversity hotspot Abra de Zamora, with description of two new Pristimantis species". PLOS ONE. 15 (9): e0238306. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0238306. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7482940. PMID 32911497.
  7. Sánchez-Nivicela, Juan C.; Urgiles, Verónica L.; Cedeño-Palacios, Jhonny; Abad-Peñafiel, Homero; Guayasamin, Juan M. (1 January 2020). "Una fantástica nueva especie del grupo Pristimantis orcesi de los Andes sur de Ecuador". Neotropical Biodiversity. 6 (1): 224–237. doi:10.1080/23766808.2020.1869449.

References
  • P.J.R. Kok, Means, D.B., & Bossuyt, F. (2011). "A new highland species of Pristimantis Jimenez de la Espada, 1871 (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Pantepui region, northern South America." Zootaxa 2934: 1–19.
  • T. Orrell. (custodian) (2012). ITIS Global: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (version April 2011). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 25 June 2012 (Bisby F., Roskov Y., Culham A., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., eds). Digital resource at www.catalogueoflife.org/col/. Species 2000: Reading, UK.
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