Provisional Senate of East Indonesia
The Provisional Senate of East Indonesia (Indonesian: Senat Sementara Negara Indonesia Timur) was the upper house of the parliament of State of East Indonesia, a component of the United States of Indonesia. The Senate existed from May 1949 to August 1950, when the State of East Indonesia was dissolved to the unitary Republic of Indonesia.
Provisional Senate of East Indonesia Senat Sementara Negara Indonesia Timur | |
|---|---|
| History | |
| Founded | 28 May 1949 |
| Disbanded | 17 August 1950 |
| Leadership | |
Speaker | |
Deputy Speaker | |
Background
The State of East Indonesia was formed in the Great East, the area of the Dutch East Indies that the Dutch were able to reassert control over following the Japanese surrender and the Indonesian declaration of independence in August 1945.[1] From 18–24 December 1946, a conference in Denpasar was held to work out the specifics of the state, including producing a provisional constitution, which included provision for a senate with unspecified powers.[2] The senate was later formed based on the 1948 Provisional Senate Act.[3][4]
Powers
This provisional Senate had the duty to approve the draft constitution drawn up by the Provisional Representative Body. After the planned constitution was enacted, the senate would have been dissolved, to make way for a definitive Senate, to be put together in accordance with the rules laid down in the constitution. The definitive senate would then give its opinion on the Constitution in a second reading. The definitive senate would have been given a broader scope compared to the Provisional Senate.[3][5] As the constitution was never promulgated, the definitive senate was never formed.
Members
Elections for members of the senate were completed in May 1949. There were 13 seats in the Senate, with one seat for each region of East Indonesia. The body was officially inaugurated by the President of East Indonesia, Tjokorda Gde Raka Soekawati, on 28 May 1949.[3][6][7]
| No | Name | Constituency | Position | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iskandar Muhammad Jabir Shah | North Maluku | Sultan of Ternate (1929–1975) | [3][8] |
| 2 | Lalu Wirentanus | Lombok | Regent of Central Lombok (1946-1959) | |
| 3 | Gusti Ngurah Kanta | Bali | Head of the Denpasar self-governing region (swapraja) | |
| 4 | Obe Alfonsus Nisnoni | Timor and surrounding islands | Raja of Kupang (1945-1955) | |
| 5 | Umbu Tunggu Mbili | Sumba | Raja of Memboro (1934-1962) | |
| 6 | Bapa Kaja | Flores | Chair of the Adonara Council of Rajas | |
| 7 | Lalu Mandjawakang | Sumbawa | Member of the Sumbawa Council of Rajas | |
| 8 | Achmad Marzoeki | South Sulawesi | ||
| 9 | Johan Manusama | South Maluku | Headmaster of the Amboina Senior High School | |
| 10 | W.A. Sarapil | Sangihe and Talaud | Regent of Sangihe (1948-1950) | |
| 11 | Syukuran Aminuddin Amir | Central Sulawesi | Raja of Banggai (1939-1959) | |
| 12 | Peils Maurits Tangkilisan | Minahasa | Head of Amurang District | |
| 13 | H. J. C. Manoppo | North Sulawesi | Chairman of the Bolaang-Mongondouw Council of Rajas |
Bibliography
- Bastiaans, W. Ch. J. (1950), Personalia Van Staatkundige Eenheden (Regering en Volksvertegenwoordiging) in Indonesie (per 1 Sept. 1949) (PDF), Jakarta
- Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung (1996) [1995]. From the Formation of the State of East Indonesia Towards the Establishment of the United States of Indonesia. Translated by Owens, Linda. Yayasan Obor. ISBN 979-461-216-2.
- Kahin, George McTurnan (1952). Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia. Ithaca, New york: Cornell University Press.
- Ricklefs, M.C. (2001) [1981]. A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300 (3rd ed.). Palgrave. ISBN 978-0-230-54685-1.
References
- Ricklefs 2001, p. 348.
- Anak Agung 1995, p. 117.
- Bastiaans 1950, p. 91
- Kahin 1952, p. 366.
- Anak Agung 1996, p. 576
- Anak Agung 1996, p. 592
- Anak Agung 1996, p. 591
- Anak Agung 1996, pp. 591-592