Prunus prostrata

Prunus prostrata (mountain,[1] rock,[2] creeping, spreading or prostrate cherry) is a hardy alpine shrub found naturally above about 2000 m. up to as high as 4000 m. in Israel, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Syria, Turkey, Albania, Greece, including Crete, Italy, Sardinia, Croatia, France, Corsica, Spain, the Caucasus, Iran, Kashmir and Afghanistan. [3][4][5][6] It grows as tall as 1 m., more typically 0.15-0.30 m., sometimes in the crevices of vertical surfaces. The branches tend to follow the surface at any angle. Flowering patches of the plant on the rocky slopes, sometimes still snow-clad, are striking to climbers.

Prunus prostrata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Rosids
Order:
Rosales
Family:
Rosaceae
Genus:
Prunus
Species:
P. prostrata
Binomial name
Prunus prostrata
Synonyms
  • Amygdalus prostrata (Labill.) Sweet
  • Cerasus alaica Pojark.
  • Cerasus bungei (Walp.) Walp.
  • Cerasus griseola M.G.Pakhomova
  • Cerasus humilis (Bunge) A.I.Baranov & T.N.Liou
  • Cerasus humilis (Bunge) S.Ya.Sokolov
  • Cerasus humilis Moris
  • Cerasus prostrata (Labill.) Loisel.
  • Cerasus prostrata (Labill.) Ser.
  • Cerasus prostrata var. glabrifolia (Moris) Browicz
  • Hagidryas prostrata (Labill.) Griseb.
  • Microcerasus glandulosa var. humilis (Bunge) G.V.Eremin & A.A.Yushev
  • Microcerasus humilis (Moris) M.Roem.
  • Microcerasus prostrata (Labill.) M.Roem.
  • Microcerasus prostrata f. alaica (Pojark.) Eremin & Yushev
  • Microcerasus prostrata f. griseola (Pachom.) Eremin & Yushev
  • Prunus alaica (Pojark.) Gilli
  • Prunus bungei Walp.
  • Prunus glandulosa var. salicifolia (Kom.) Koehne
  • Prunus humilis (Moris) Colla
  • Prunus humilis Bunge
  • Prunus japonica var. salicifolia Kom.
  • Prunus prostrata f. erecta J.Molero
  • Prunus prostrata subsp. discolor (Raulin) O.Schwarz
  • Prunus prostrata subsp. humilis (Moris) Arrigoni
  • Prunus prostrata var. concolor (Boiss.) C.K.Schneid.
  • Prunus prostrata var. discolor (Raulin) Tocl & Rohlena
  • Prunus prostrata var. glabrifolia Moris
  • Prunus prostrata var. humilis (Moris) Nyman
  • Prunus prostrata var. incana Litard. & Maire
  • Tubopadus prostrata (Labill.) Pomel.
  • Tubopadus prostratus (Labill.) Pomel

The bark is reddish brown. The leaves are ovate, with serrate margins, tomentose with white down on undersurface, glabrous above. The petioles lack glands. The flowers are an unusual light rose color, coming out in April–May, solitary or in pairs, nearly sessile, with a tubular calyx. There are 22-24 stamens. The fruit is red, ovate, with thin flesh, ripening in July.

Chloroplast DNA sequencing has shown that its closest relative is Prunus dictyoneura, at least as far as chloroplasts are concerned.[7][lower-alpha 1]

Uses

The fruit is edible but not preferred by humans. The plant's main use is as in ornamental gardening. It can be grafted to form a tree.[8]

Classification

The name Prunus prostrata was assigned by Jacques Labillardière, the French botanist, in Icones plantarum Syriae rariorum,[9] published on his return from a plant-hunting expedition to the Middle East. Prostrata means "lying on the ground", referring to the plant's ground-hugging propensity, a mechanical necessity at high altitude. A prostrate branch bends back to the ground.

Many synonyms were created subsequently, mainly by using the now unaccepted genus Cerasus instead of Prunus, or other genera. Among these are, in order of date:

Latin humilis means "on the ground." Boissert defines the variety concolor as folia utrinque glabra, "leaves smooth on both sides."

Palaeobotanical evidence

A recent study[11] of pollen and other microfossils from a core sample taken in an intermontane valley of the Segura mountains in southern Spain finds P. prostrata in a "Prunus type" located in two radiocarbon-dated zones from about 2630 BP to about 1550 BP and again from about 790 BP to present.[12] The ecology of the Prunus type was "high-altitude open pine forest." The core goes back to 8320 BP, but there is no evidence if Prunus in it before 2630.

Notes
  1. Prunus prostrata is called Cerasus humilis by the source.

References
  1. Note: Mountain cherry is also one of many names used for Prunus tomentosa.
  2. Note: Rock cherry also has been used for Prunus mahaleb.
  3. "Prunus prostrata". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 10 January 2018.
  4. Lindley, John (1816). The Botanical Register: Consisting of Coloured Figures of Exotic Plants Cultivated in British Gardens; with their History and Mode of Treatment. Edwards, Sydenham (Illustrator). London: Ridgways, Piccadilly. pp. 135–136. Downloadable Google Books. The name used by Lindley is "Birch-leaved Mountain Plum." Edwards has a full-page plate.
  5. Loudon, J.C. (1875). Trees and Shrubs; An Abridgement of the Arboretum et Fruticum Britannicum Containing the Hardy Trees and Shrubs of Britain, Native and Foreign, Scientifically and Popularly Described; with their Propagation, Culture and Uses; and Engravings of Nearly All the Species. London: Frederick Warne & Co. pp. 282–283. Downloadable Google Books.
  6. Stewart, J. Lindsay; Brandis, Dietrich (1874). The Forest Flora of North-west and Central India: A Handbook of the Indigenous Trees and Shrubs of Those Countries. London: Wm. H. Allen & Co. pp. 193–194. Downloadable Google Books.
  7. Liu, Jing; Yin, Rong; Xu, Zhe; Tian, Ying (7 October 2019). "The complete chloroplast genome of Cerasus dictyoneura, an ornamental plant of China". Mitochondrial DNA Part B. 4 (2): 3383–3385. doi:10.1080/23802359.2019.1673236.
  8. https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Prunus+prostrata
  9. La Billardière, Jacques-Julien Houtou de (1791). Icones plantarum Syriæ rariorum, descriptionibus et observationibus illustratæ Vol. 1. Lutetiæ Parisiorum: Impensis Autoris [etc.] pp. Tabula (t.) 6, page 15. This rare and expensive book is in the process of or recently has been reprinted. The botanical designation of the plant is Prunus prostrata Labill. (subg. Prunus sect. Microcerasus); of the book, Icon. pl. Syr. 1:15, t. 6. 1791.
  10. Moris, Giuseppe Giacinto (1837–1859). Flora Sardoa seu Historia Plantarum in Sardinia et adjacentibus insulis vel sponte nascentium vel ad utilitatem latius excultarum; Vol 1. Taurini: ex Regio Typographeo. p. 17.
  11. Carrión, J.S.; Munuera, M.; Dupré, M.; Andrade, A. (2001). "Abrupt vegetation changes in the Segura Mountains of southern Spain throughout the Holocene". Journal of Ecology. 89 (5): 783–797. doi:10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.00601.x. See the tables on pages 789 & 792.
  12. For simplicity the tolerances have not been repeated here. "Present" is 1955/1956 AD.
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