Pulsatilla vulgaris

Pulsatilla vulgaris, the pasqueflower,[3] is a species of flowering plant belonging to the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae), found locally on calcareous grassland in Europe.[4] It was considered part of the genus Anemone, to which it is closely related.[5]

Pulsatilla vulgaris
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
Genus: Pulsatilla
Species:
P. vulgaris
Binomial name
Pulsatilla vulgaris
Synonyms[2]

Anemone acutipetala Schleich.
Anemone bogenhardiana (Rchb.) Pritz.
Anemone collina Salisb.
Anemone intermedia Schult.
Anemone pratensis Sibth.
 Anemone pulsatilla L.
Anemone pulsatilla f. henryi (Christ) Tosco
Anemone sylvestris Vill.
Anemone tenuifolia Schleich.
Pulsatilla amoena Jord.
Pulsatilla aperta Schur
Pulsatilla bogenhardiana Rchb.
Pulsatilla intermedia Sweet
Pulsatilla media Bogenh.
Pulsatilla oenipontana Dalla Torre & Sarnth.
Pulsatilla propera Jord.
Pulsatilla recta Gilib.
Pulsatilla transsilvanica Schur
Pulsatilla vulgaris subsp. anglica (W.Zimm.) P.D.Sell
Pulsatilla vulgaris var. anglica W.Zimm.

Other variations of its common name include European pasqueflower, common pasqueflower, and purple cowbell. The name may also be split in two - pasque flower.

Description

This herbaceous perennial plant develops upright rhizomes, which function as food-storage organs. Its leaves and stems are long, soft, silver-grey and hairy. It grows to 15–30 cm (6–12 in) high and when it is fruit-bearing up to 40 cm (16 in). The roots go 1 m (39 in) deep into the soil. The finely-dissected leaves are arranged in a rosette and appear with the bell-shaped flower in early spring. The purple flowers are followed by distinctive silky seed-heads which can persist on the plant for many months.

The flower is 'cloaked in myth'; one legend has it that Pasque flowers sprang up in places that had been soaked by the blood of Romans or Danes because they often appear on old barrows and boundary banks.[6]

This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[3][7]

Designation

It is classified as a Priority Species in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan[8] and as Vulnerable in Britain on the Red Data List.[6]

Location

It grows in sparsely wooded pine forests or meadows, often on a sunny sloping side with calcium-rich soil. A large colony occurs on publicly accessible land in the Cotswolds, at the Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust's Pasqueflower reserve.[9]

Additional general information

It is the county flower of the English counties of Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire.[10]

Varieties

While the main variety of Pulsatilla vulgaris has purplish flowers; variants include red (Rubra) and white (Alba) forms (see images).

  • Pulsatilla vulgaris
  • Pulsatilla vulgaris
  • Pulsatilla vulgaris rubra
  • Pulsatilla vulgaris alba
  • Pulsatilla vulgaris grandis

References
  1. Schweizer, F. & Hasinger, O. 2014. Pulsatilla vulgaris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014: e.T161913A50786112. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T161913A50786112.en. Downloaded on 02 December 2016.
  2. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:712079-1
  3. "RHS Plant Selector - Pulsatilla vulgaris". Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  4. Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 6th edition. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. 2007. p. 3804. ISBN 978-0199206872.
  5. RHS encyclopedia of plants & flowers. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2010. p. 744. ISBN 978-1405354233.
  6. "Species detail on the Wildlife Trusts' website". Archived from the original on 2013-05-19. Retrieved 2012-04-11.
  7. "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 82. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  8. Joint Nature Conservation Committee - UK Biodiversity Action Plan. The Committee operates in a statutory advisory capacity to the UK Government.
  9. Pasqueflower reserve information on the Gloucestershire Wildlife Trust website
  10. "Pasqueflower | Plant & fungi species | Wild plants". www.plantlife.org.uk. Retrieved 2016-01-03.
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