Pungnaptoseong

Earthen Fortification in Pungnap-dong, Seoul (Korean: 서울 풍납동 토성; Hanja: 서울 風納洞 土城; RR: Seoul Pungnap-dong toseong) is a flat earthen wall built at the edge of the Han River in Korea. It has a circumference of 3.5 km. It is located in modern-day Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul. It used to be included in the neighboring city of Gwangju. It has a long oval shape, spreading to north and south, and leaning slightly toward the east. Based on research conducted during the Japanese occupation, it has been speculated that Pungnap Toseong was Hanam Wiryeseong, the first capital of Baekje.[1]

Pungnaptoseong
The remains of Pungnaptoseong, which is widely believed to be the site of Wiryeseong (May 2004).
Korean name
Hangul	서울풍납동토성
Hanja	風納洞土城
Revised Romanization	Seoul Pungnap-dong toseong
McCune–Reischauer	Seoul P'ungnap-tong t'osŏng

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Only 2.7 km of its walls remain.[2] Including the west wall, which had been destroyed by flooding, its circumference reaches about 3.5 km and its area nearly 859,508 m². After constructing this central part, the inner wall, mainly composed of sandy soil, grit, clayish soil and muddy soil, was set up by heaping earth at a slant. On the top of the last earthen layer of the inner wall, pebbles were laid in three layers and trimmed stones were piled up inside 1.5m high with mud prepared from natural soil, and by piling up the central part in trapezoid shape whose lower part is 7m wide and 5m high.