Queen Hyosun

Queen Hyosun of the Pungyang Jo Clan (8 January 1716 – 30 December 1751) was crown princess of Joseon; she married Crown Prince Hyojang, who died one year after the marriage. She was never known by the title queen during her lifetime.[1] Both Hyosun and her husband were posthumously made the adoptive parents of the future King Jeongjo in 1764, in an attempt to distance the boy from the crimes of his birth father, Crown Prince Sado.[2]

Queen Hyosun
효순왕후
Crown Princess of Joseon
Tenure1727–1728
PredecessorPrincess Consort Seo
SuccessorPrincess Consort Hyegyeong
Born8 January 1716
Dongbu, Songgyu-bang District, Kingdom of Joseon
Died30 December 1751 (1751-12-31) (aged 35)
Uichun Hyeon, Geongeukdang, Changdeok Palace, Kingdom of Joseon
SpouseCrown Prince Hyojang
IssueKing Jeongjo of Joseon (adopted)
Posthumous name
효순현빈→효순왕후→효순소황후
孝純賢嬪→孝純王后→孝純昭皇后
HousePungyang Jo
FatherJo Munmyeong
MotherLady Wangheung of the Jeonju Yi clan
Queen Hyosun
Hangul
Hanja
Revised RomanizationHyosun wanghu
McCune–ReischauerHyosun wangu

Biography

Hyosun was the daughter of Jo Mun-myeong, a government official aligned with the Soron faction,[3] and his second wife, who was from the Jeonju Yi clan, the royal house of Joseon. She married Crown Prince Hyojang in 1727 when she was 9, on which occasion her father-in-law, King Yeongjo, gifted her a book of instructions that he had written.[4]

Hyosun's husband died of an unknown illness in 1728 when she was 12 years old.[4] She eventually was given the title Hyeonbin or Crown Princess Consort Hyeon (Hangul: 현빈 조씨 , Hanja: 賢嬪 趙氏) in 1735.[5] She remained in the palace and reportedly developed a good relationship with the wife of the new crown prince, Lady Hyegyeong.[6] It is also said that King Yeongjo had favored and seen Hyosun as another daughter like Princess Hwapyeong.

Hyosun died in the winter of 1751. King Yeongjo was reportedly deeply saddened by her death and led the mourning rites.[7]

Posthumous treatment

Hyosun was initially granted the posthumous title of Lady Hyosun Hyeon (Hangul: 효순현빈) and venerated in the same temple as her deceased husband.[8] Her brother-in-law, Crown Prince Sado, was killed in 1762, and Yeongjo issued a decree that made Hyosun and Hyojang the adoptive parents of Sado's eldest son, in a move seen as an attempt to preserve the boy's legitimacy as an heir.[2] On King Jeongjo's succession, Hyosun thus received the posthumous title of Queen Hyosun (Hangul: 효순왕후).[9]

Queen Hyosun was granted the title of Empress Hyosun (Hangul: 효순소황후) in 1908 when Emperor Sunjon succeeded to the throne.[10]

Family
  • Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Jo Gi (조기, 趙磯)
  • Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Jo Hui-bo (조희보, 趙希輔)
  • Great-Great-Grandfather
    • Jo Hyeong (조형, 趙珩) (1606 - 1679)
      • Adoptive great-great-grandfather: Jo Min (조민, 趙珉); older brother to Jo Hyeong
  • Great-Great-Grandmother
    • Lady Mok of the Sacheon Mok clan (사천 목씨, 泗川 睦氏)
  • Great-Grandfather
    • Jo Sang-jeong (조상정, 趙相鼎)
  • Great-Grandmother
    • Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan (남양 홍씨)
  • Grandfather
    • Jo In-su (1648–1692) (조인수, 趙仁壽); was a prime minister
  • Grandmother
    • Lady Kim of the Gwangsan Kim clan (1649–1722) (증 정경부인 광산 김씨, 贈 貞敬夫人 光山 金氏)
  • Father
    • Jo Mun-myeong (1680–1732) (조문명, 趙景命)
      • Uncle: Jo Gyeong-myeong (조경명, 趙景命) (1674 - 1726)
      • Aunt: Lady Kim of the Andong Kim clan (안동 김씨, 安東 金氏)
      • Uncle: Jo Yeong-myeong (조영명, 趙令命) (1674 - 1722)
      • Aunt: Lady Sim of the Cheongseong Sim clan (청송 심씨, 靑松 沈氏)
      • Uncle: Jo Hyeon-myeong (조현명, 趙顯命) (1690 - 1752)
      • Aunt: Lady Yun of the Chilwon Yun clan (증 정경부인 칠원 윤씨, 贈 貞敬夫人 漆原 尹氏)
      • Aunt: Lady Kim of the Andong Kim clan (정경부인 안동 김씨, 貞敬夫人 安東 沈氏)
  • Mother
    • Lady Wangheung of the Jeonju Yi clan (d.1734) (완흥부부인 전주 이씨, 完興府夫人 全州 李氏)
    • Stepmother: Lady Hwawon of the Andong Kim clan (화원부부인 안동 김씨, 花原府夫人 安東 金氏) (1681 - 1721)
  • Siblings
    • Older half-brother: Jo Jae-ho (조재호, 趙載浩) (1702 - 1762)
      • Sister-in-law: Lady Won of the Wonju Won clan (원주 원씨, 原州 元氏)
    • Older half-brother: Jo Jae-yeon (조재연, 趙載淵) or Jo Jae-hun (조재혼, 趙載混) (1709 - 1750)
      • Sister-in-law: Lady Seong of the Changnyeong Seong clan (창녕 성씨, 昌寧 成氏)
    • Older brother: Jo Jae-heung (조재홍, 趙載洪) (1713 - 1758)
      • Sister-in-law: Lady Yi of the Deoksu Yi clan (덕수 이씨, 德水 李氏)
    • Younger brother: Jo Jae-deuk (조재득, 趙載得) or Jo Si-bu (조시부, 趙時溥) (1720 - 1776)
      • Sister-in-law: Lady Jo of the Changnyeong Jo clan (창녕 조씨, 昌寧 曺氏)
  • Husband
    • Crown Prince Hyojang (15 February 1719 – 16 November 1728) (효장세자)
      • Father-in-law: King Yeongjo of the Joseon (영조대왕, 英祖大王) (31 October 1694 - 22 April 1776)
      • Mother-in-law: Royal Noble Consort Jeong of the Hamseong Lee clan (정빈 함성 이씨, 靖嬪 咸成 李氏) (1694 - 1721 June/November)
  • Son

References

Notes
  1. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty: Yeongjo, Vol. 40, Day 16, Month 3, Year 11 (1735)
  2. Kim Haboush (2013), p. 18.
  3. Kim Haboush (2013), p. 349.
  4. Kim Haboush (2013), p. 64.
  5. 《조선왕조실록》 영조 40권, 11년(1735 을묘 / 청 옹정(雍正) 13년) 3월 16일(병술) 3번째기사
  6. Kim Haboush (2013), p. 73.
  7. Kim Haboush (2013), p. 279.
  8. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty: Yeongjo, Vol. 75, Day 22, Month 1, Year 28 (1752)
  9. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty: Jeongjo, Vol. 1, Day 19, Month 3, First Year (1776)
  10. Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty: Sunjon, Vol. 2, Day 11, Month 5, Year 1 (1908)
  11. "양녕대군파 권3(讓寧大君派 卷之三)". 장서각기록유산DB. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
  12. "수도군파 권1(守道君派 卷之一)". 장서각기록유산DB. Retrieved 2020-10-15.（Page 69, 77）

Works
  • Kim Haboush, JaHyun (2013). The Memoirs of Lady Hyegyŏng: The Autobiographical Writings of a Crown Princess of Eighteenth-Century Korea (2 ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20055-5.
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