Crown Prince Hyojang

Crown Prince Hyojang (Korean: 효장세자; Hanja: 孝章世子, February 15, 1719 – November 16, 1728) was a Crown Prince and noble of Korean Joseon dynasty, first and illegitimate son of King Yeongjo of Joseon and adoptive father of King Jeongjo of Joseon, elder half-brother of Crown Prince Sado, but he died at a young age.

Crown Prince Hyojang
Born(1719-02-15)February 15, 1719
DiedNovember 16, 1728(1728-11-16) (aged 9)
SpousePrincess Consort Hyosun
Posthumous name
恪愍溫良睿明哲文孝章大王（진종온량예명철문효장대왕）
溫良睿明哲文孝章昭皇帝（온량예명철문효장소황제）
Temple name
Jinjong 真宗
FatherYeongjo of Joseon
MotherLady Lee
Queen Jeongseong (adoptive)

In 1762, 34 years after his death, he was adopted to his half-nephew Yi San by his father King Yeongjo and in 1776 was appointed to the title of Honor King, 48 years after his death. His other title was Prince Kyeongui(경의군 敬義君). His real name was Yi Haeng (Korean: 이행; Hanja: 李緈). His first name was Manbok(hangul:만복 hanja:萬福). His courtesy name was Seonggyeong (Korean: 성경; Hanja: 聖敬).

Life

Hyojang was born the son of Yi Geum, Prince Yeoning and later Yeongjo of Joseon, and one of his concubines Lady Lee Jungbin of Hamseong (정빈 함성이씨 靖嬪 咸成李氏), Changui-kung, Sunhwabang in Hanseong.[1] He was born during the reign of his grandfather King Sukjong. His birth was not made public or reported in the news, because one year before his birth, his grandmother Lady Chol Sukbin died. His mother, Lady Lee Jungbin of Hamseong, was the daughter of Lee Jun-chul, a noble of Joseon. His first name was Man-bok, which was later changed to Haeng.

In 1720, King Sukjong died due to dementia and Smallpox sequelae and was succeeded by his son Crown Prince Yi Kyun as King Gyeongjong. As Gyeongjong was childless, Prince Yeoning, Hyojang's father was appointed as Crown Prince.

King Gyeongjong died in 1724 and Prince Yeoning was crowned as King Yeongjo of Joseon. Hyojang was then appointed as Prince Kyeongui and in 1725 was appointed to Crown Prince. In 1726, his father selected Lady Hyeon of the Pyungyang Jo clan, a daughter of vice prime-minister Cho Mun-myung and niece of Cho Hyon-myong, also a vice prime-minister, as Hyojang's wife. The two were married but with no issue.

In 1728, Hyojang died suddenly in Gyeongbokgung at the young age of 9, after being ill for some months. The cause of his illness was unknown.[1] The prince's death was devastating to his father King Yeongjo, who was sad for some months. Yeongjo then gave his son the posthumous epithet title Hyojang, therefore his title was Crown Prince Hyojang. Hyojang was buried at Mt. Ahyeon, between Yeonhee Kung and Yonsei University and Aeogae station. On January 26, 1729, his grave moved to Neungan-ri at Jori town in Paju.[2]

After death

In 1735, seven years after his death, his half-brother Sado was born and succeeded Hyojang as Crown Prince. In 1762, Sado was imprisoned in a wooden rice chest by the orders of his father King Yeongjo, and died 8 days later, leaving his son Yi San as the royal successor. King Yeongjo was concerned that Yi San, being Sado's son and successor, would be branded with the title of "Son of a prisoner" or "Son of a psycho" and thus become ineligible to succeed the throne, so on February 21, 1764, the King decreed that Yi San would become the adoptive son of the long-dead Crown Prince Hyojang.[3]

In 1776, King Yeongjo died of dementia and Yi San succeeded him as King Jeongjo. Surprisingly, on his coronation day, Jeongjo announced to his courtiers, "I am the son of Crown Prince Sado",[4] In spite of this, King Jeongjo did not change the laws of King Yeonjo. Jeongjo later honored Prince Hyojang as an Honor King, and granted him the posthumous epithet title of Jinjong (진종 眞宗) and Great King of Onryangyemyongchulmun(온량예명철문대왕 眞宗溫良睿明哲文大王). Hyojang's wife Lady Cho Hyunbin of Pungyang was also honored as an honor Queen and given the posthumous epithet title of Honor Queen-consort Hyosun(효순왕후 孝純王后).

On July 31, 1907, Hyojang was appointed emperor by Sunjong of Joseon and given the posthumous title of Emperor So Jinjong(진종소황제 眞宗昭皇帝) of the Korean Empire.

Ancestry

See also

References
  1. 10살 때 요절한 효장세자 사후 양자 정조가 “아바마마” The Dongah Weekly 2010.12.27. (in Korean)
  2. 명당과 풍수 그리고 왕릉 Ohmynews 2004.09.24. (in Korean)
  3. 인정전 월대에서 친히 향을 전하다. 육상궁에 배알하고 창의궁에 들르다
  4. "과인은 사도세자의 아들이다" Ohmynews 2006.10.13. (in Korean)
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