RPG-1

In 1944 the Soviets extensively tested new anti-tank weapons, including the German Panzerfaust and Panzerschreck as well as the US bazooka. They decided to produce their own design combining the best features of all of these, and started development under G.P. Lominskiy at the Main Artillery Directorate's Small Arms and Mortar Research Range.[1]

Initially known as the LPG-44, named after the program's start date, the weapon was intended to be smaller and lighter than the Panzerfaust, but easily reloadable like the bazooka. Its PG-70 warhead was a HEAT round, named for its size, 70 millimetres (2.8 in) wide at its widest point. Development was largely completed by the end of 1944 and the system was renamed the RPG-1 and the round became the PG-1.[1]

However, continued testing ran into a series of problems. A major issue was problems in the firing cap, and that the propellant tended to have inconsistent performance based on temperature changes. The design itself proved to have considerably less armor penetration than the Panzerfaust, around 140 millimetres (5.5 in) of RHA equivalent, which was too small for modern tanks like the Panther. It did, however, retain the Panzerfaust's low velocity, making it accurate only over perhaps 50 metres (160 ft), with a maximum range of only 75 metres (246 ft).[1]

Work continued to try to address these issues, but in 1947 a totally new design started that emerged as the RPG-2. This design was clearly superior, and work on the RPG-1 ended in 1948.[1]

The RPG-1 launcher consisted mainly of a 1-metre (3 ft 3 in) long, 30 millimetres (1.2 in) diameter soft steel tube. The rear ​³⁄₄ was covered by a thin wooden sheath to protect the operator from the heat of firing. Immediately in front of the sheath was the pistol grip firing trigger, and in front of that a cocking lever. A leaf sight flipped forward and up from the top of the tube above the trigger. Sighting was taken by comparing range markings on the leaf sight against the outermost portion of the round, a solution also used on the Panzerfaust. The empty launcher weighed only 2 kilograms (4.4 lb).[1]

The PG-70 was inserted into the muzzle of the launcher and fired using a simple percussion cap firing a 30 millimetres (1.2 in) cartridge. Three ring-shaped stabilising fins were mounted on a tube that extended down the outside of barrel of the launcher, avoiding the need for flip-out fins or other solutions that would fit inside the barrel. The round was 425 millimetres (16.7 in) long and weighed 1.6 kilograms (3.5 lb). It fired at a muzzle velocity of 40 metres per second (130 ft/s) and had a maximum effective range of about 75 metres (246 ft). A trained two-man crew could fire 4 to 6 rounds per minute.[1]