Rabigh

Rabigh (Arabic: رَابِغ‎, romanized: Rābigh) is a city and governorate in the Makkah Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, situated on the coast of the Red Sea, around 208 km (129 mi) northwest of Mecca in the historic Hejaz region. The city had an estimated population of 180,352 in 2014[3] and is situated at an elevation of 13 m (43 ft) above sea level,[4] close to the border with the Madinah Province. The city dates back to Pre-Islamic Arabia and up to the 17th century, was known as al-Juhfah, or al-Johfah.[5]

Rabigh

رَابِغ
City
Top: The Rabigh Power Plant
Bottom: Rabigh Corniche
Rabigh
Coordinates: 22°48′N 39°02′E
Country Saudi Arabia
ProvinceMakkah Province
GovernorateRabigh
Government
 • GovernorKhalid al-Ghanmi
Area
 • Governorate6,679.03 km2 (2,578.79 sq mi)
 • Municipality1,400 km2 (500 sq mi)
Elevation13 m (43 ft)
Population
 (1435 AH)
 • Total104,621
 • Estimate 
(2014)[2]
180,352
Time zoneUTC+3 (AST)
Websitehttps://www.makkah.gov.sa/page/rabigh

The historical importance of the city is driven by the fact that it was a stopover for Hajj and Umrah pilgrims coming from Egypt and the Levant, as defined by the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. The city was also located along pre-Islamic caravan routes between Yemen and the Levant. As a coastal town, fishing was the main source of income for the people of Rabigh until the discovery of oil.[5]

Due to the strategic location of Rabigh on the Red Sea, it has been the site of several high-profile projects such as the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Petro Rabigh and King Abdullah Economic City.[5]

The Rabigh Governorate is divided into 5 marakiz, Rabigh, Nuweiba, Abwa', Mastoura and al-Qadimah. It is governed by Governor Khalid al-Ghanmi.

History

Rabigh is known to have existed before the advent of Islam. Even up to the 17th century, the area in and around the city was known by its pre-Islamic name, al-Juhfah, also spelt al-Johfah.[5] During the time of Muhammad, Rabigh was a frequent site of raids by Muslims on the Meccan caravans that passed through the region.[6] It has been recorded Sahih Bukhari that Muhammad defined al-Juhfah as the miqat for pilgrims arriving for Hajj and Umrah from Egypt and the Levant.[7][8]

Modern history

With the discovery of oil in Saudi Arabia and the completion of the East–West pipeline, Saudi Aramco chose Rabigh to be the site of their new refinery and port. Construction on the Rabigh refinery began in 1981, during the reign of King Fahd. The joint venture between Saudi Aramco and Japan's Sumitomo Chemical, the $10-billion Rabigh Refining and Petrochemical Company, also known as Petro Rabigh, was founded in 2005. It is currently the second-largest integrated oil refinery and petrochemical production facility in Saudi Arabia.[9]

Most other projects in and around Rabigh were built under King Abdullah and are thus named for him, such as the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, an international, graduate-level research university. Founded in 2009, it is the first co-educational university campus in Saudi Arabia; and the King Abdullah Economic City, facilitated by the Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority, construction of which began in 2005. The project is being developed by Emaar, a Tadawul-listed company first established to develop KAEC. The King Abdullah Port, one Saudi Arabia's largest ports, is situated in the city, and was inaugurated on 11 February 2019.[10]

Transport

Highway 5, Saudi Arabia's westernmost north-south highway, runs through Rabigh, providing access to Yanbu, Umluj, Duba (a ferry to Egypt is available at the port of Duba), Tabuk, and Jordan; and Jeddah, Mecca, Abha and Jizan in the south. A connection to Highway 60 near Yanbu connects Rabigh to Medina. Riyadh and the Qassim Province.[11] Highway 40 is accessible through Jeddah, providing connections to Mecca, Riyadh and Dammam.

The nearest major airport to Rabigh is the King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah, 148 km (92 mi) to the south. The Haramain high-speed railway line stops at King Abdullah Economic City, providing high-speed rail connections to Jeddah, Mecca and Medina.

Culture

Natural landmarks

The Red Sea hosts many coral reefs, and is thus the site of several marine sanctuaries, many of which are situated close to the coast. The Five Corals Reef is one such reef situated approximately 15 km (9 mi) south west of Rabigh.

Sports

The Al Entesar Club is a football club from Rabigh playing in the Saudi Second Division.

See also

References
  1. www.fallingrain.com/world/SA/14/Rabigh.html
  2. aaqr.org/articles/aaqr-15-11-oa-0658
  3. Nayebare, Shedrack R.; Aburizaiza, Omar S.; Khwaja, Haider A.; Siddique, Azhar; Hussain, Mirza M.; Zeb, Jahan; Khatib, Fida; Carpenter, David O.; Blake, Donald R. (2017). "Chemical Characterization and Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in Rabigh, Saudi Arabia". Aerosol and Air Quality Research. 16 (12): 3114–3129. doi:10.4209/aaqr.2015.11.0658. ISSN 1680-8584.
  4. "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Rabigh, Saudi Arabia". www.fallingrain.com. Retrieved 2020-08-11.
  5. "Once a sleepy coastal town, Rabigh is new center of opportunities". Arab News. 2009-09-23. Retrieved 2020-08-11.
  6. Mubārakfūrī, Ṣafī al-Raḥmān, author. (2015). The sealed nectar : biography of the Noble Prophet. OCLC 1035160797.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. "Hadith - Book of Hajj (Pilgrimage) - Sahih al-Bukhari - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم)". sunnah.com. Retrieved 2020-08-11.
  8. Bukhārī, Muḥammad ibn Ismāʻīl (1966). Sahih Bukhari. Muhammad Sarid. pp. Book 25, Hadith 14. OCLC 222681584.
  9. "Timeline". www.petrorabigh.com. Retrieved 2020-08-11.
  10. "King Abdullah Port". www.kingabdullahport.com.sa. Retrieved 2020-08-11.
  11. الأمير عبدالله يدشن طريق القصيم ـ المدينة المنورة ـ ينبع ـ رابغ ـ ثول السريع غدا. Al-Yaum (in Arabic). 2003-09-23.
  • Rabigh city website is
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