Rajmala
Rajmala is a chronicle of the Kings of Tripura, written in Bengali verse in the 15th century under Dharma Manikya I.[1]
| Kingdom of Tripura | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Part of History of Tripura | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Tripura monarchy data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Manikya dynasty (Royal family) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Agartala (Capital of the kingdom) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ujjayanta Palace (Royal residence) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neermahal (Royal residence) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rajmala (Royal chronicle) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tripura Buranji (Chronicle) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chaturdasa Devata (Family deities) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shamsher Gazi (Usurper) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Overview
The Rajmala chronicles the history of the Manikya kings of Tripura. While it serves as an invaluable source of information for the region, its historical accuracy in some aspects has been doubted.[2][3]
The text is split up into six parts, written over the course of several centuries under the patronage of different Tripura monarchs. It was initially commissioned by Dharma Manikya I in 1458,[4] who bestowed the task upon the royal priest Durlabhendra and two Brahman pandits, Sukheshwar and Baneshwar. Their work formed the first part of the text and covered the traditional period of Tripura's history and incorporated various mythological accounts. Subsequent portions were composed during the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries under Amar Manikya, Govinda Manikya , Krishna Manikya and Kashi Chandra Manikya respectively. The entire revised text was finally compiled by Durgamoni Uzir during the reign of Krishna Kishore Manikya in the mid-19th-century.[5][6]
Royal genealogy
The Rajmala presents a list of 149 kings of Twipra as of 1431. The first king of the chronicle is Chandra, the Moon himself; the seventh is Druhyu, one of the sons of Yayati, a Lunar dynasty in mythology. The 46th king is called Tripur (Tripura) as a kind of mythological eponymous ancestor of the Sanskritic name of the kingdom. The list of historical kings begins with the 145th king, Ratna Fa (fl. 1280). He was the first to assume the title Manikya and as such can be considered the founder of the Manikya Dynasty.
Mythological or legendary kings
| Sl. No. | Name of King | Sl. No. | Name of King |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Chandra | 26. | Basuman |
| 2. | Budh | 27. | Keerti |
| 3. | Pururoba - I | 28. | Kaniyan |
| 4. | Ayu | 29. | Pratishraba |
| 5. | Nahusha | 30. | Pratishtho |
| 6. | Yayati | 31. | Shakrajit (Shatrujit) |
| 7. | Druhyu | 32. | Pratirddan |
| 8. | Babhru | 33. | Pramath |
| 9. | Setu | 34. | Kalinda |
| 10. | Anarta | 35. | Kromo (Krath) |
| 11. | Gandhar | 36. | Mitrari |
| 12. | Dharmma (Gharma) | 37. | Baribarha |
| 13. | Dhrita (Ghrita) | 38. | Karmuk |
| 14. | Durmad | 39. | Kalang (Kalinga) |
| 15. | Pracheta | 40. | Bhishan |
| 16. | Parachi(Shata Dharma) | 41. | Bhanumitra |
| 17. | Parabasu | 42. | Chitrasen (Agha Chitrasen) |
| 18. | Parishad | 43. | Chitrarath |
| 19. | Arijit | 44. | Chitrayudh |
| 20. | Sujit | 45. | Daitya |
| 21. | Pururoba - II | 46. | Tripur Sura |
| 22. | Bibarn | 47. | Subrai (Trilochan) |
| 23. | Puru Sen | 48. | Dakshin |
| 24. | Megh Barna | 49. | Twidakshin |
| 25. | Bikarna | 50. | Sudakshin |
| Sl. No. | Name of King | Sl. No. | Name of King |
|---|---|---|---|
| 51. | Tardakshin | 76. | Muchung Fa (Harihar) |
| 52. | Dharmataru (Dharmatar) | 77. | Maichung Fa (Chandrashekhar) |
| 53. | Dharmapal | 78. | Chandraraj (Tabhuraj or Tarurai) |
| 54. | Sadharma (Sudharma) | 79. | Tarfanai (Tripaly) |
| 55. | Tarbong | 80. | Sumanta |
| 56. | Debang | 81. | Roopabanat (Shretha) |
| 57. | Narangita | 82. | Tarham (Tarhom) |
| 58. | Dharmangad | 83. | Kha Ham (Hariraj) |
| 59. | Rukmangad | 84. | Kotor Fa (Kashiraj) |
| 60. | Somangad | 85. | Kalator Fa (Madhob) |
| 61. | Nojugrai (Nogjog) | 86. | Chandra Fa (Chandraraj) |
| 62. | Torjung | 87. | Gajeshwar |
| 63. | Tor Raj (Rajdharma) | 88. | Beerraj - II |
| 64. | Hamraj | 89. | Nageshwar (Nagpati) |
| 65. | Birraj | 90. | Sikhiraj (Siksharaj) |
| 66. | Shriraj | 91. | Debraj |
| 67. | Shriman (Shrimanta) | 92. | Dhusrang (Durasha or Dhara Ishwar) |
| 68. | Lakshmitaru | 93. | Barkeerti (Birraj or Biraj) |
| 69. | Tarlakshmi (Roopban) | 94. | Sagar Fa |
| 70. | Mailakshmi (Lakshmiban) | 95. | Maloy Chandra |
| 71. | Nageshwar | 96. | Surjyarai (Surjya Narayan) |
| 72. | Jogeshwar | 97. | Achong Fanai (Indra Keerti or Uttang Fani) |
| 73. | Ishwar Fa (Neeldhwaj) | 98. | Beer Singha (Charachar) |
| 74. | Rangkhai (Basuraj) | 99. | Hachung Fa (Achang Fa or Surendra) |
| 75. | Dhanraj Fa | 100. | Bimar |
| Sl. No. | Name of King |
|---|---|
| 101. | Kumar |
| 102. | Sukumar |
| 103. | Twisarao (Beerchandra or Toksarao) |
| 104. | Rajyeshwar (Rajeshwar) |
| 105. | Nageshwar (Misliraj or Krodheshwar) |
| 106. | Twisong Fa (Tejong Fa) |
| 107. | Narendra |
| 108. | Indrakeerti |
| 109. | Biman (Paimaraj) |
| 110. | Yashoraj |
| 111. | Gandhar |
| 112. | Gangaraj (Rajganga) |
| 113. | Sukurai (Chitrasen or Chhakru Rai) |
| 114. | Pratit |
| 115. | Misli (Marichi, Malsi or Marusom) |
| 116. | Gagan (Kathuk) |
| 117. | Keerjit (Noaraj or Nabrai) |
- 118. Hamtor Fa (Jujaru Fa or Himti or Birraj), see also Twipra Era
- 119. Jangi Fa (Rajendra or Janak Fa)
- 120. Partha (Debrai or Debraj)
- 121. Sebrai
- 122. Durgur Fa (Dankuru Fa, Harirai, Kirit, Adhidharma Fa)
- 123. Kharung Fa (Kurung Fa, Ramchandra)
- 124. Sengfanai (Nrisingha, Singhafani)
- 125. Lalit Rai
- 126. Mukunda Fa (Kunda Fa)
- 127. Kamal Rai
- 128. Krishnadas
- 129. Jash Fa (Jashoraj)
- 130. Muchung Fa (Udwab)
- 131. Sadhu Rai
- 132. Pratap Rai
- 133. Vishnuprasad
- 134. Baneshwar (Baneeshwar)
- 135. Beerbahu
- 136. Samrat
- 137. Champakeshwar (Champa)
- 138. Meghraj (Megh)
- 139. Sengkwchak (Dharmadhar)
- 140. Sengthum Fa (Kirtidhar, Singhatung Fa)
- 141. Achong Fa (Rajsurjya, Kunjaham Fa)
- 142. Khichung Fa (Mohon)
- 143. Dangar Fa (Harirai)
- 144. Raja Fa
Historical kings
- see List of Tripuri Kings for the post-Rajmala kings.
- 145. Ratna Fa (Ratna Manikya) fl. 1280
- 146. Pratap Manikya
- 147. Mukut Manikya (Mukunda)
- 148. Maha Manikya
- 149. Dharma Manikya fl. 1430
References
- Hill Tippera - History The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909, v. 13, p. 118.
- Bareh, Hamlet (2001). Encyclopaedia of North-East India: Tripura. Mittal Publications. p. 150. ISBN 978-81-7099-795-5.
- Bezbaruah, Ranju; Banerjee, Dipankar (1 January 2008). North-East India: interpreting the sources of its history. Indian Council of Historical Research. p. 154. ISBN 978-81-7305-295-8.
- Saigal, Omesh (1978). Tripura. Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. p. 30. GGKEY:21RCWSTGZKJ.
- Momin, Mignonette; Mawlong, Cecile A.; Qādrī, Fuz̤ail Aḥmad (2006). Society and Economy in North-East India. Regency Publications. p. 80. ISBN 978-81-89233-40-2.
- Roychoudhury, Nalini Ranjan (1983). Tripura Through the Ages: A Short History of Tripura from the Earliest Times to 1947 A.D. Sterling. p. 109.
