Rhinanthus

Rhinanthus (rattle) is a genus of annual hemiparasitic herbaceous plants in the family Orobanchaceae, formerly classified in the family Scrophulariaceae. The genus consists of about 30 to 40 species found in Europe, northern Asia, and North America, with the greatest species diversity (28 species) in Europe.

Rhinanthus
Rhinanthus minor
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Orobanchaceae
Tribe: Rhinantheae
Genus: Rhinanthus
L.
Species

See text

Phylogeny

The phylogeny of the genera of Rhinantheae has been explored using molecular characters.[1][2] Rhinanthus is the sister genus to Lathraea, and then to Rhynchocorys. These three genera share phylogenetic affinities with members of the core Rhinantheae: Bartsia, Euphrasia, Tozzia, Hedbergia, Bellardia, and Odontites. Melampyrum appears as a more distant relative.

Genus-level cladogram of tribe Rhinantheae.
  Rhinantheae  
         

  Melampyrum  

 
 
 
         

  Rhynchocorys  

 
 
         

  Lathraea

 
 

  Rhinanthus

 
 
 
  Core Rhinantheae  
         

  Bartsia sensu stricto (Bartsia alpina)

 
 
         

  Euphrasia

 
 
         

  Tozzia

 
 

  Hedbergia
  (including Bartsia decurva + B. longiflora)

 
 
         

  Bellardia

 
 
         

  Neobartsia
(New World Bartsia)

 
 

  Parentucellia

 
 
 
 

  Odontites sensu lato
  (including Bornmuellerantha
  and Bartsiella)

 
 
 
 
 
 
The cladogram has been reconstructed from nuclear and plastid DNA molecular characters (ITS, rps16 intron and trnK region).[1][2]

Systematics

Selected species
  • Rhinanthus alectorolophus - European yellow rattle
  • Rhinanthus alpinus
  • Rhinanthus angustifolius - Narrow-leaved rattle
  • Rhinanthus antiquus
  • Rhinanthus aristatus
  • Rhinanthus asperulus
  • Rhinanthus borbasii
  • Rhinanthus borealis
  • Rhinanthus burnatii
  • Rhinanthus carinthiacus
  • Rhinanthus dinaricus
  • Rhinanthus freynii
  • Rhinanthus glaber
  • Rhinanthus glacialis
  • Rhinanthus groenlandicus
  • Rhinanthus halophilus
  • Rhinanthus mediterraneus
  • Rhinanthus melampyroides
  • Rhinanthus minor - Yellow rattle
  • Rhinanthus osiliensis - Saaremaa yellow rattle
  • Rhinanthus ovifugus
  • Rhinanthus pampaninii
  • Rhinanthus pindicus
  • Rhinanthus pubescens
  • Rhinanthus rumelicus
  • Rhinanthus serotinus
  • Rhinanthus songeonii
  • Rhinanthus subulatus
  • Rhinanthus wagneri
  • Rhinanthus wettsteinii

References
  1. Těšitel, Jakub; Říha, Pavel; Svobodová, Šárka; Malinová, Tamara; Štech, Milan (2010-10-28). "Phylogeny, Life History Evolution and Biogeography of the Rhinanthoid Orobanchaceae". Folia Geobotanica. 45 (4): 347–367. doi:10.1007/s12224-010-9089-y. ISSN 1211-9520. S2CID 39873516.
  2. Scheunert, Agnes; Fleischmann, Andreas; Olano-Marín, Catalina; Bräuchler, Christian; Heubl, Günther (2012-12-14). "Phylogeny of tribe Rhinantheae (Orobanchaceae) with a focus on biogeography, cytology and re-examination of generic concepts". Taxon. 61 (6): 1269–1285. doi:10.1002/tax.616008.


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