Riohacha

Cathedral of Riohacha

The Riohacha area was long inhabited by American Indians of the Wayuu culture, part of the larger Arawak group. The first European to visit the area was the Spanish sailor Alonso de Ojeda in 1498, though he never landed. A short time later, Juan de la Cosa, another Spanish explorer, landed on what is today called Cabo de la Vela (Cape of the Sail, so called because of its shape). In 1535, the German explorer Nikolaus Federmann founded a city with the name Nuestra Señora Santa Maria de los Remedios del Cabo de la Vela (Our Lady Saint Mary of the Remedies of the Cape of the Sail) at the place where de la Cosa had landed.

The Spanish discovered a vast amount of pearls in the city's area. This treasure frequently attracted raids by pirates. After the city was destroyed by a pirate raid, the city government relocated the city to the mouth of the Ranchería River, in order to confuse the pirates, and to give the city time to rebuild before the next attack. The new city, named Nuestra Señora de los Remedios del Río de la Hacha (Our Lady of the Remedies), expanded peacefully for a short time in its new location. Pirate attacks soon resumed. The next major attack, led by the famous English pirate Francis Drake, took place in 1569, when Drake pillaged the city searching for gold and pearls.

In the 18th century, Riohacha was incorporated to the Viceroyalty of New Granada as part of the province of Santa Marta. During the battles for independence from Spain, the port of Riohacha served many vessels fighting for Colombian and Venezuelan independence. Many Riohachans also served in the revolutionary navy, most notably Admiral José Prudencio Padilla, who would come to be considered a hero in the revolutions of Colombia and Venezuela.

In 1954, Riohacha City acquired municipality status, and in 1964 was declared capital of the new La Guajira Department.

• 
  The Almirante Padilla Plaza in downtown Riohacha.
• 
  Riohacha Beach.

• The National Festival of the Dividivi is celebrated every year from June 29 to July 1. The last day celebrates the creation of the Department of La Guajira.[3]

Riohacha has one airport, the Almirante Padilla Airport. It serves airlines covering the route to and from the Colombian capital city Bogotá, the near cities of Valledupar and Santa Marta, and the Caribbean resort island of Aruba. In September 2016 the low-cost carrier Easy Fly initiated service between Riohacha and Barranquilla.[4]

Riohacha, owing to the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, has a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh), which owing to the extremely torrid temperatures is not that far above an arid climate despite receiving as much as 546 millimetres (21.50 in) of rainfall per year. This rain falls almost exclusively in May and between August and November, and for the rest of the year there are a mere thirteen wet days out of 212 in an average year. Despite the lack of rainfall, humidity is high year round and adds to the uncomfortable heat.

• Luis Antonio Robles Suárez, first Afro-Colombian lawyer and politician.

• 
  View of the beachfront
• 
  Malecon Beach
• 
  Typical building
• 
  Colombian Wayuu craft on Avenida Primera (1st Ave.)
• 
  Riohacha's Touristic Dock
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  Riohacha's Sunrise at a house roof
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  Ranchería River empties into Riohacha
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  Cañones Park
• 
  One of the areas of the historic center of the city
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  Identidad Monument, erected in 2010
• 
  Departmental Cultural Center seen from the beach
• 
  Late Nineteen Century Building in Riohacha
• 
  House where Gabriel García Márquez was conceived, according to his autobiography Living to Tell the Tale (2002)
• 
  La Guajira University, located in Riohacha
• 
  Fishing between Alijuna and Wayú Caribbean coast, Riohacha

• (in Spanish) Gobernacion de La Guajira - Riohacha
• (in Spanish) Riohacha official website