Rosa acicularis

Rosa acicularis, also known as the prickly wild rose, the prickly rose, the bristly rose, the wild rose and the Arctic rose, is a species of wild rose with a Holarctic distribution in northern regions of Asia,[2] Europe,[3] and North America.

Rosa acicularis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Genus: Rosa
Species:
R. acicularis
Binomial name
Rosa acicularis
Subspecies
  • R. a. subsp. acicularis
  • R. a. ssp. a. var. nipponensis (Crép.) Koehne
  • R. a. subsp. sayi (Schwein.) W.H.Lewis
Synonyms [1]

Description

Rosa acicularis is a deciduous shrub growing 1–3 m tall. The leaves are pinnate, 7–14 cm long, with three to seven leaflets. The leaflets are ovate, with serrate (toothed) margins. The flowers are pink (rarely white), 3.5–5 cm diameter; the hips are red, pear-shaped to ovoid, 10–15 mm diameter.

The ploidy of this rose species is variable. Botanical authorities have listed it as tetraploid and hexaploid in North America (subsp. sayi),[4] and octoploid in Eurasia (subsp. acicularis),[4] including China.[5] On the northern Great Plains and in northwestworld extending to Whitehorse, Yukon its populations are generally tetraploid.

North America

This native rose species of the northern Great Plains is the provincial flower of Alberta.[6] It is not as common in the Parkland region of the Canadian Prairie provinces as Rosa woodsii (Woods' rose), but is the most abundant rose species growing in the boreal forest of northern North America.

  • Larger stems are usually densely covered with straight prickles.
  • Young flowers are darker in colour.
  • The fruit can be elongate as shown here, or almost round.
  • Since 1987 Rosa acicularis has been pictured on licence plates in the Canadian province of Alberta.

Uses

The hips, which stay on the plant through winter, are reported to be high in vitamins A and C. Native Americans made tea and salad from the leaves, and used the inner bark to smoke tobacco. Perfume has also been made from this plant.[7]

See also

References
  1. "Rosa acicularis". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  2. Robertson, Kenneth R. "Rosa acicularis". Flora of China – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  3. [http:/contact /rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Rosa+&SPECIES_XREF=acicularis+&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= "Rosa acicularis"] Check |url= value (help). Flora Europaea.
  4. Lewis W.H. (1959). "Monograph of Rosa in North America. I. R. acicularis". Brittonia. 11 (1): 1–24. doi:10.2307/2805073. JSTOR 2805073. S2CID 34323115.
  5. Yu, Chao; Luo, Le; Pan, Hui-tang; Sui, Yun-ji; Guo, Run-hua; Wang, Jin-yao; Zhang, Qi-xiang (January 2014). "Karyotype Analysis of Wild Rosa Species in Xinjiang, Northwestern China". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 139 (1): 39–47. doi:10.21273/JASHS.139.1.39.
  6. "Government of Alberta's official emblems" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-01-02.
  7. Reiner, Ralph E. (1969). Introducing the Flowering Beauty of Glacier National Park and the Majestic High Rockies. Glacier Park, Inc. p. 120.


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