Rumford Chair of Physics

The Rumford Chair of Physics (originally the Rumford Chair and Lectureship on the Application of Science to the Useful Arts) is an endowed professorship established at Harvard University in 1816 under the will of Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford.[1]

Endowment

Specifically, an initial annuity of $1000 (with reversion of certain further substantial annuities) was bequeathed “for the purpose of founding […] a new institution and professorship, in order to teach by regular courses of academical and public lectures, accompanied with proper experiments, the utility of the physical and mathematical sciences for the improvement of the useful arts, and for the extension of the industry, prosperity, happiness, and well-being of society.”[2] The centrality of “useful” knowledge, in contradistinction to the classical tradition then dominant at Harvard, was further emphasised by a stipulation that the professorship was to be held outside of the philosophy department.[3]

History

The first incumbent, Jacob Bigelow, a physician and botanist, pursued a modernising agenda with moderate success, incorporating practical demonstrations into his lectures over the course of a decade-long tenure. In contrast, his autodidact successor, the inventor Daniel Treadwell, appears to have been a rather less fervent reformer, seemingly believing that the skills necessary for creative practice in science and engineering were not really amenable to being taught.[3] Fortuitously, however, the eventual appointment of the third Rumford Professor, engineer and chemist Eben Norton Horsford, coincided with the foundation of the Lawrence Scientific School at Harvard in 1847, facilitating the inception of a highly practical curriculum informed by links with local chemical industries.[3] Following the intervening tenure of Oliver Wolcott Gibbs, the appointment of John Trowbridge to the Rumford Chair in 1888 heralded a further shift in emphasis; henceforth, original research would become at least equal in importance alongside practical teaching.[4][5] All subsequent incumbents have enjoyed highly distinguished research careers, such as Edwin Herbert Hall (discoverer of the Hall Effect) and Nicolaas Bloembergen (Nobel laureate for his work on laser spectroscopy).

Recipients

Holders of the Rumford Chair have been:

References
  1. Quinquennial catalogue of the officers and graduates of Harvard university, 1636–1915. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1915. p. 21. Retrieved 2011-04-17.
  2. Memoir of Sir Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, with Notices of his Daughter. Boston, MA: American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 1871. p. 635. Retrieved 2019-08-15.
  3. James, Mary Ann (1992). "Engineering an Environment for Change". In Elliott, Clarke A.; Rossiter, Margaret W. (eds.). Science at Harvard University: Historical Perspectives. Bethlehem: Lehigh University Press. pp. 55–75. ISBN 9780934223126. Retrieved 2019-08-15.
  4. "Harvard University Department of Physics: Early History of the Department". Retrieved 2019-06-03.
  5. "National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir of John Trowbridge" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-05-06.
  6. "Department of Physics, Harvard University". Retrieved 2019-05-06.
  7. "National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir of Wolcott Gibbs" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-05-06.
  8. "National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir of Edwin Hall" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-05-06.
  9. "National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir of George Pierce" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-05-06.
  10. "Faculty: Jene A. Golovchenko". Retrieved 2019-05-06.
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