São Tomé leaf-nosed bat

The São Tomé leaf-nosed bat (Macronycteris thomensis)[2] is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae.[3] It is endemic to the island of São Tomé, in the Gulf of Guinea off the western coast of Africa. The bat's natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and caves.

São Tomé leaf-nosed bat
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Hipposideridae
Genus: Macronycteris
Species:
M. thomensis
Binomial name
Macronycteris thomensis
(Bocage, 1891)
São Tomé leaf-nosed bat range

Taxonomy

This bat was first described in 1891 by the Portuguese zoologist José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage as Hipposideros thomensis, the specific name recording the fact that it is endemic to São Tomé. It was at one time considered to be part of M. commersoni,[1] but that species is now viewed as being restricted to Madagascar.[3] Both commersoni and it were formerly placed in the genus Hipposideros, but moved to the resurrected Macronycteris in 2017 on the basis of molecular evidence.[2]

Ecology

São Tomé leaf-nosed bat inhabits primary and secondary moist lowland tropical forest. It is also seen in plantations and other man-made habitats. Roosts have been observed in caves, lava tubes, rock crevices and water extraction tubes.[1] Breeding takes place once a year in the rainy season. The female gives birth to a single pup after a gestation period of about four months. The young may be carried when the mother is foraging, and are weaned at about fourteen weeks. The diet is of large insects such as beetles and cicadas.[4]

Status

The São Tomé leaf-nosed bat is known only from the island of São Tomé in the Gulf of Guinea. It is described as not uncommon, and roosts of up to one hundred individuals have been found. In the absence of evidence to the contrary, and because no special threats have been identified, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed the conservation status of this species as being of "least concern".[1]

References
  1. Monadjem, A.; Juste, J.; Hutson, A.M.; Mickleburgh, S. & Bergmans, W. (2017). "Hipposideros thomensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T44689A22074748. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T44689A22074748.en.
  2. Foley, N. M.; Goodman, S. M.; Whelan, C. V.; Puechmaille, S. J.; Teeling, E. (June 2017). "Towards Navigating the Minotaur's Labyrinth: Cryptic Diversity and Taxonomic Revision within the Speciose Genus Hipposideros (Hipposideridae)". Acta Chiropterologica. 19 (1): 1–18. doi:10.3161/15081109acc2017.19.1.001. S2CID 89997441.
  3. Simmons, N.B. (2005). "Order Chiroptera". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 377. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  4. "Hipposideros commersoni: Commerson's roundleaf bat". ADW. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
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