Salazar (surname)

Salazar is a surname meaning old hall (from Castilian Sala (hall) and Basque zahar (old)).[1] The name originates from the town of the same name: Salazar, in northern Burgos, Castile. Although nowadays northern Burgos is not a Basque-speaking region, it was during the early Middle Ages when the surname appeared.

Its origins are also related to a certain noble family, the Salazars, that held a fief in the area.[2][3] During the 10th century, the surname appears as mentioned in Navarre, where it spread and there even exists a Salazar Valley. It later also spread to the rest of the Basque Country, being specially common in Biscay during the 15th century. During that time, Lope García de Salazar, a famous writer, took part in the Reconquista of Cuenca, where he was granted a fief and founded a notable family. Some of his descendants took part in the Conquest of the Americas, thus spreading the surname all through the Spanish Americas; others intermarried many noble families, and the surname spread all through the Iberian peninsula.

Salazar is a common in Latin America because there were a number of Salazars among the early Spanish conquerors and settlers.[2]

Salazar is also a common surname among Roma people.[3] Due to several censuses made in the Kingdom of Castile during the 14th and 15th centuries, every Castilian subject was forced to take a name and two surnames. The Roma, who used to call themselves only by a first name, decided to take established surnames to add prestige to their families.[4] They chose from among the oldest noble families, usually of Basque origin, thus it is extremely common to find Roma with surnames such as Heredia, Salazar, Mendoza, or Montoya.[5]

It is also one of several hundred surnames on a list produced by the Spanish government in 2015 as part of an initiative to make reparations for the Expulsion of Jews from Spain in 1492 by offering citizenship to individuals who can show descent from an expelled Spanish Jew.