Salur (tribe)

Salur, Salyr or Salgur (Turkish: Salır, Turkmen: Salyr, Persian: سالور‎) were an ancient Oghuz Turkic people and a sub-branch of the Üçok tribal federation. The medieval Karamanid principality in Anatolia belonged to the Karaman branch of the Salur.[2] The Salghurids of Fars (Atabegs of Fars), were a dynasty of Turkoman Salur origin.[3] The patriarchs of the modern Turkmen tribe of Salyr in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iraq and Iran, as well as the Salar nationality in China claim descent from the Salur.[2][4]

Salur سالور
Salyr
Tamga of the Salur
Regions with significant populations
Turkey, Turkmenistan, Iran, China[lower-alpha 1]
Languages
Oghuz Turkic
Religion
Islam
Related ethnic groups
Oghuz Turks

Etymology
Tamga of the Salur tribe as per Abul-Ghazi's "Genealogy of the Turkmens"

Historian and stateman of the Ilkhanate Rashīd al-Dīn Faḍlullāh Hamadāni in his work “Oghuz-Nameh”, which is part of his extensive history book Jami' al-tawarikh (Compendium of Chronicles), says that the name Salyr means “wherever you go, you fight with a sword and a club”, and in the book of the khan and historian of the Khanate of Khiva Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur, Shajara-i Tarākima (Genealogy of the Turkmens), the meaning of the tribe's name is given as “armed with a saber”.

History
Tamga of Salur, Selçukname.

According to various versions of the Oghuz-Turkic heroic epos “Oghuz-Name”, the Salyr tribe played an important role in the Oghuz Yabgu State until the middle of the 10th century until the beginning of the Seljuq movement, and many Khans of this State were from the Salyrs. Rashīd al-Dīn Faḍlullāh Hamadānī writes in his “Oghuz-Nameh”:

"For a long time, royal dignity remained in the Oghuz family; for so long the dignity of the sovereign was in the ancestral branch of Salyr, and after that (from) other branches (also) there were revered kings"[5]

Subsequently, the bulk of the Salyr tribe lived on the territory of Turkmenistan, a significant part of them in the 11th-12th centuries left along with other Oghuz-Turkmen tribes to the west; in Asia Minor they established the Salghurids State centered in Iraq in the 12th century,[6] and supported other Turkmen beyiks in the reconstruction of Anatolia. The Salgurid Dynasty, which ruled in Fars in 1148-1282 and played an important role in the creation of the Sultanate of Rum, belonged to the Salyr tribe.[7] Part of the tribe moved to Crimea, and the Crimean river Salgir, according to some scholars, owes its name to this tribe.[8][9] In the 14th-16th centuries, the Salyr led the largest military-tribal association of five Turkmen tribes: Salyr, Arsary, Tekke, Yomud and Saryk. This military alliance existed until the waters of the Amu Darya stopped flowing along Uzboy watercourse. The Salyrs of Khorasan were known in the southern Turkmenistan. In the 16th-19th centuries, the Salyr Turkmen tribe lived in Mangyshlak penincula and the area of Northern Balkan mountains of Turkmenistan, then in the Khiva Khanate, later in the middle reaches of the Amu Darya river, in the Murghab oasis and, finally, in Serakhs - the last place of their final settlement in 1884.

Salur Kazan, one of the heroes in Dede Korkut's epic tales, is also a Salurian. Some Salurs still live in the Middle East and Central Asia.

See also

Notes
  1. Salar people that live mostly in the Qinghai-Gansu border region, China.[1]

References
  1. Erdal, Marcel; Nevskaya, Irina, eds. (2006). Exploring the Eastern Frontiers of Turkic. Volume 60 of Turcologica Series. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. xi. ISBN 978-3447053105. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  2. Houtsma, M. Th. "E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936". Brill Publishers, 1987. pp. 119, 120
  3. Salghurids, C.E. Bosworth, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. VIII, ed. C.E.Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs and G. Lecomte, (E.J.Brill, 1995), 978.
  4. "China's Minority Peoples - The Salars". Cultural-china.com. Cultural China. 2007–2014. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
  5. Рашид ад-Дин Хамадани (Rashid-al-Din Hamadani) (1952). "Сборник летописей (Compendium of Chronicles)". Средневековые источники Востока и Запада (Medieval Sources of Orient and the West).
  6. Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (2004). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. ISBN 9780748621378.
  7. The Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Handbook. By Clifford Edmund Bosworth.
  8. З.Ш. Навширванов. Предварительные заметки о племенном составе тюркских народностей, пребывавших на юге Руси и в Крыму. Симферополь (1929)..
  9. В.А.Бушаков. Тюркская этноойконимия Крыма. Институт языкознания Академии наук СССР, Москва (1991)..
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