Samina (river)

The Samina (also: Saminabach) is a whitewater river of Liechtenstein and Austria. It is a tributary of the Ill.

Samina
Location
CountriesLiechtenstein and Austria
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationBrandnertal in Vorarlberg
Mouth 
 • location
Ill
 • coordinates
47.2253°N 9.6270°E / 47.2253; 9.6270
Length17 km (11 mi)
Basin features
ProgressionIll→ Rhine→ North Sea

The Samina originates in Liechtenstein. In the course of time, it formed the Saminatal (Samina Valley), the most western valley of Rätikon and side valley of the Walgau. The Saminatal makes up to one third of the territory of Liechtenstein. It has a length of approximately 17 km (11 mi) (Liechtenstein: 12 km (7.5 mi) (including its source rivulets, the 2nd longest river of the principality),[1] Austria: 5 km (3.1 mi)).

Source and course

The Samina comes into existence at Ölersegg (meeting point of Triesenberg, an exclave of Schaan (Brandegg) and an exclave of Balzers), where the rivers Stägerbach and Valorschbach merge. They flow from south to north through the eastern part of Liechtenstein, the Saminatal, and then cross the border to Austria. In the community aera of Frastanz the river merges with the Ill.

Use

The water is intensively used for electricity production as well as for drinking water supply for the communities of Liechtenstein. The Samina possesses A to B grade quality and sportsmen value the river for rafting.

Liechtenstein

In general the Saminatal is not very populated or exploited, therefore its wildlife is almost untouched. Many endangered animals and plantes exist there.[2]

There is one hydro-electric power station at Samina, which from 2011 to 2015 was transformed into a pumped-storage power station.[3][4][5] The pump-storage reservoir has to always leave some water to the river, the amounts fixed by the Liechtenstein law for protection of water. There are measures taken to ensure the ecologically conditions of the river.[5][6] Nonetheless there is critique from ecologists, that these amounts are by far not enough to protect the wildlife in the river.[7][8]

Austria

At the lower course the E-Werke Frastanz run three power plants.[9]

The Austrian part of Samina is a popular destination for rafting.

In the middle part of the valley, around the border of Liechtenstein and Austria, there is the European Union nature protection area Spirkenwälder Saminatal.[10]

References
  1. "Gewässer, Fluss, See, Bach – Fürstentum Liechtenstein". www.liechtenstein.li. Retrieved 2019-03-19.
  2. https://lgu.li/publikationen/liewo-seiten-1/liewo-11-10-saminatal-laserdruck.pdf
  3. "PSW Samina eröffnet - Liechtensteiner Volksblatt, die Tageszeitung für Liechtenstein". Liechtensteiner Volksblatt (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-19.
  4. "Kraftwerk Samina eröffnet - Liechtensteiner Volksblatt, die Tageszeitung für Liechtenstein". Liechtensteiner Volksblatt (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-19.
  5. "LKW - Wasserkraftwerk Samina". www.lkw.li. Retrieved 2019-03-19.
  6. "Liechtenstein: Mehr Wasser in der Samina (ee-news.ch)". www.ee-news.ch. Retrieved 2019-03-19.
  7. "Wasserkraft und Ökostrom". www.andrea-matt.li. Retrieved 2019-03-19.
  8. https://lgu.li/publikationen/liewo-seiten-1/liewo-restwasser-laserdruck.pdf
  9. "Erneuerbare Energie". E-Werke Frastanz (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-19.
  10. "Spirkenwälder". Naturvielfalt (in German). Retrieved 2019-03-19.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.