Satyavati Devi

Satyavati Devi (1904–1945) was a participant in Indian independence movement. She was considered to be the Joan of Arc of India.[lower-alpha 1]

Satyavati Devi
Born1904
Died1945
NationalityIndian
Known forParticipation in Indian Freedom Movement

Family

She was the granddaughter of Swami Shraddhanand, and the daughter of advocate Dhani Ram and Ved Kumari.[1] She married an officer of the Delhi Cloth Mills.

Activism

Among nationalist women in Delhi, Satyavati took a leadership role. Aruna Asaf Ali credits Satyavati with motivating her to join the nationalist movement.[2] Satyavati undertook social work among mill workers at textile mills in Gwalior and Delhi. She founded the Congress Mahila Samaj[3] and Congress Desh Sevika Dal and she also co-founded the Congress Socialist Party. She took an active part in Civil disobedience movement. During civil disobedience movement she became the leader of the women wing of the congress in Delhi and led the movement. She organised the breaking of the Salt Law in Delhi where she and a group of volunteers manufactured and distributed packets of illegal salt to people gathered there. She was arrested by the police and was sentenced to two years imprisonment in 1932. While she was imprisoned in the jail she contracted pleurisy and tuberculosis.[4] While at jail, despite being very ill, she refused to give a bond of good behaviour and assurance that she would desist from political activity, that could have secured her release and hope for treatment.[5] She died in 1945 at the age of 41 of tuberculosis.

Writings

Jailed women political freedom fighters composed poems and nationalist tracts, which were smuggled out and published. One of the pieces written by Satyavati Devi, titled ‘Bahin Satyavati Ka Jail Sandesh’ (Sister Satyavati's prison message) goes as follows:[6]

This is a message from your jailed sister
Sister Satyavati appeals to you
Do not slacken from your work
Jump, if required, into the burning flames
The sacred battle should be full of strength
Once you have stepped forward, never retreat
Die before the men in the battlefield
Do not fear bullets or sticks
Put your head forward before the men
Once lit, the fire should never go out
I have full faith now
Because the women have prepared themselves[lower-alpha 2]

This and other writings and prison songs seemed to be aimed at motivating and mobilising women to enter India's Independence movement.

Recognition

Although she is believed to be an unsung hero of India's freedom struggle, Satyawati College (Delhi University) established by the government of Delhi in 1972 is named after her.[7]
A fiery freedom fighter, Mahatma Gandhi affectionately labeled her Toofani (like a whirlwind/ tempestuous)Behan(sister).[8]

Notes
  1. Writeup by Jaiprakash Narain, in "Dilli Ki Joan of Arc, Behan Satyavati" souvenir published in 1977 commemorating Satyavati's 70th birth anniversary.
  2. Copied verbatim from the referred article.

References
  1. Taneja, Anup (2005). Gandhi, Women, and the National Movement, 1920–47. Har-anand Publications Pvt Ltd. p. 153. ISBN 9788124110768.
  2. Taneja, Anup (2005). Gandhi, Women, and the National Movement, 1920–47. Har-anand Publications Pvt Ltd. p. 154. ISBN 9788124110768.
  3. "CONGRESS SOCIALIST PARTY (CSP) AT A GLANCE AND SHORT PROFILES WORKS OF ITS LEADERS" (PDF). http://lohiatoday.com. p. 91. Retrieved 3 November 2015. External link in |website= (help)
  4. Geraldine Forbes (1999). Women in Modern India, Volume 4. Cambridge University Press. p. 148. ISBN 978-0521653770.
  5. "Toofani Satyawati An Unsung Heor of Freedom Struggle" (PDF). www.manushi.in. Manushi – Forum for Women's Rights & Democratic Reforms. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  6. Thapar-Björkert, Suruchi (20 December 2006). "Gender, nationalism and the colonial jail: a study of women activists in Uttar Pradesh". Women's History Review. 7 (4): 583–615. doi:10.1080/09612029800200182.
  7. "About Us". http://satyawati.du.ac.in/. External link in |website= (help)
  8. "Satyawati College". The Hindu. 25 July 2009. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
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