Segni Pact

Segni Pact
Segni Pact; Patto Segni
Leader	Mariotto Segni
Founded	November 1993
Dissolved	June 2003
Preceded by	Populars for Reform
Succeeded by	Pact of Liberal Democrats
Newspaper	La Voce
Ideology	Christian democracy; Liberalism
Political position	Centre[1]
National affiliation	Pact for Italy (1994); Pact of Democrats (1995); The Olive Tree (1996–99); PS–AN (1999)
European affiliation	EPP (1994–1999); AEN (1999–2004)
European Parliament group	EPP (1994–1999); UEN (1999–2004)
Colors	Yellow
	Politics of Italy; Political parties; Elections;

The Segni Pact (Italian: Patto Segni), officially called Pact of National Rebirth (Patto di Rinascita Nazionale), was a Christian-democratic,[2] centrist[3] and liberal political party in Italy, named after Mario Segni.

History

The party was founded in 1993 by the Populars for Reform, a split from Christian Democracy (DC) in 1992[4] whose basic goal was electoral reform from proportional representation to plurality voting, and splinters from the Democratic Alliance (AD).

The party contested the 1994 general election within the Pact for Italy coalition, along with the Italian People's Party (PPI), and the Pact leader Mario Segni was "candidate for Prime Minister".[4] The Pact included in its lists Republicans (Giorgio La Malfa, Alberto Zorzoli, Vittorio Dotti, Danilo Poggiolini and Carla Mazzuca Poggiolini), Liberals (Valerio Zanone, Pietro Milio and Luigi Compagna), Socialists (Giuliano Amato, Giulio Tremonti and Claudio Nicolini), Democratic Socialists (Enrico Ferri and Gian Franco Schietroma), and several former Christian Democrats (Mario Segni himself, Diego Masi, Gianni Rivera, Alberto Michelini, Enrico Indelli, Elisabetta Gardini, Michele Cossa, Livio Filippi, Vincenzo Viola, etc.).

The party obtained 4.7% of the vote and 13 deputies.[5] However soon after the election suffered several splits. The group around Michelini and Tremonti, for instance, founded the Liberal Democratic Foundation and decided to support the Berlusconi I Cabinet (Tremonti even became minister of Finances) and would later join Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia (FI).

In the 1995 regional elections, the Pact formed a list named Pact of Democrats, along with the Italian Socialists and AD.[4]

In the 1996 general election the party joined The Olive Tree coalition as part of Italian Renewal,[4] winning eight seats at the Chamber of Deputies (Masi, Giuseppe Bicocchi, Elisa Pozza Tasca, Gianni Rivera, Antonino Mangiacavallo, Gianantonio Mazzocchin, Bonaventura Lamacchia, Paolo Manca) and one seat at the Senate of the Republic (Mazzuca Poggiolini).

In 1999, after having contributed to the foundation of the Democratic Union for the Republic (UDR), the Pact attracted some former Radicals from FI (Marco Taradash, Giuseppe Calderisi, etc.), but at the same time several members (Pozza Tasca, Poggiolini, Mazzuca Poggiolini, Filippi, Viola, etc.) left to join The Democrats. In the 1999 European Parliament election the party formed a joint list with National Alliance which received 10.3% of the vote, and Segni was re-elected MEP.[6]

The Pact decided not to present lists for the 2001 general election, but Cossa, member of the Sardinian Reformers, the regional section of the party in Sardinia, was elected deputy in a single-seat constituency of Cagliari for the House of Freedoms centre-right coalition.

In 2003 the party was finally transformed into the Pact of Liberal Democrats (or Segni-Scognamiglio Pact).

Electoral results

Election year	Votes	%	Seats	+/−	Leader
Chamber of Deputies
1994	1,811,814 (7th)	4.68	13 / 630	–	Mario Segni
1996	into RI	–	8 / 630	5	Mario Segni
2001	into CdL	–	1 / 630	4	Mario Segni

Election year	Votes	%	Seats	+/−	Leader
Senate of the Republic
1994	into PpI	–	0 / 315	–	Mario Segni
1996	into RI	–	1 / 315	1	Mario Segni
2001	into CdL	–	0 / 315	1	Mario Segni

European Parliament

Election year	Votes	%	Seats	+/−	Leader
European Parliament
1994	1,073,424 (7th)	3.26	3 / 81	–	Mario Segni
1999	3,194,661 (3rd)[lower-alpha 1]	10.30	1 / 81	2	Mario Segni

In a joint list with National Alliance.

References

Ferdinand Muller-Rommel; Thomas Poguntke (2013). Green Parties in National Governments. Routledge. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-135-28826-6.
Nicolò Conti; Maurizio Cotta; Pedro Tavares de Almeida, eds. (2014). Perspectives of National Elites on European Citizenship: A South European View. Taylor & Francis. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-317-99575-3.
Fabio Padovano; Roberto Ricciuti, eds. (2007). "Appendix 2". Italian Institutional Reforms: A Public Choice Perspective. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-387-72141-5.
André Krouwel (2012). Party Transformations in European Democracies. SUNY Press. p. 323. ISBN 978-1-4384-4481-9.
Luciano Bardi (2009). "Electoral Change and its Impact on the Party System in Italy". In Martin Bull; Martin Rhodes (eds.). Italy - A Contested Polity. Routledge. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-317-96809-2.
Mark Gilbert; Gianfranco Pasquino (2000). Italian Politics: The Faltering Transition. Berghahn Books. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-57181-840-9.

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[7] In a joint list with National Alliance.

[MRP-1] Ferdinand Muller-Rommel; Thomas Poguntke (2013). Green Parties in National Governments. Routledge. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-135-28826-6.

[ContiCotta2014-2] Nicolò Conti; Maurizio Cotta; Pedro Tavares de Almeida, eds. (2014). Perspectives of National Elites on European Citizenship: A South European View. Taylor & Francis. p. 107. ISBN 978-1-317-99575-3.

[PadovanoRicciuti2007-3] Fabio Padovano; Roberto Ricciuti, eds. (2007). "Appendix 2". Italian Institutional Reforms: A Public Choice Perspective. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-387-72141-5.

[Krouwel2012-4] André Krouwel (2012). Party Transformations in European Democracies. SUNY Press. p. 323. ISBN 978-1-4384-4481-9.

[Bardi2009-5] Luciano Bardi (2009). "Electoral Change and its Impact on the Party System in Italy". In Martin Bull; Martin Rhodes (eds.). Italy - A Contested Polity. Routledge. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-317-96809-2.

[GilbertPasquino2000-6] Mark Gilbert; Gianfranco Pasquino (2000). Italian Politics: The Faltering Transition. Berghahn Books. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-57181-840-9.