Serving Tatars

Serving Tatars (Tatar: Cyrillic йомышлы татарлар, Latin Yomışlı Tatarlar; Russian: Служилые татары) were a class of ethnically Tatars state servants in Muscovy and Russia in 14th-18th centuries.

Russian Tsar for one year Simeon Bekbulatovich (as Puppet monarch of Ivan the Terrible) - the most famous serving tatar

Originally this class was formed Tatar nobles from Golden Horde and Tatar khanates that enjoyed membership of the Russian service class. Later, qara xalıq (black people) peasants of Kazan Khanate enjoyed this status after the fall of khanate in 1552. Their own ownership of shares in state land were granted to Russian and Qasim nobles.

The elite of the Serving Tatars were those served as translators, scribes, clerks, ambassadors to Central Asian countries and so on. The majority participated in Livonian war of 1558-1583, as well as other campaigns. They also, with the Cossacks, protected the Eastern borders of Russia, especially in the modern Orenburg Oblast. Unlike most Tatars, they had the right to use firearms and some of them became officers in the Russian Army.

Serving Tatars received land, financial support and food. They also had privileges in handicraft production and trade. In the 18th century they were reclassified as members of the class of State Peasants.

After Vasily II the numbers of Tatars entering the nobility of Muscovy rose dramatically. According to a 17th century compilation by Zagoskin, 156 noble families were of Tatar or similar origin, while 168 were of the Viking-origin House of Rurik and 42 of unspecified Russian origin. There were also 452 families from Western Europe and Poland-Lithuania, but most of these only settled in Russia during the 17th century.[1] Russian and Tatar nobles intermarried. A modern estimate suggests that one-third of all Russian nobles were of Turkic origins.[2]

References

  1. Thomas Riha (2009). Readings in Russian Civilization Volume I: Russia before Peter the Great, 900-1700. University of Chicago Press. p. 186. ISBN 0226718433.
  2. Vladimir Shlapentokh (2001). The Legacy of History in Russia and the New States of Eurasia. M.E. Sharpe. p. 70. ISBN 0765613980.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.