Sextia gens

The nomen Sextius is a patronymic surname, derived from the praenomen Sextus, meaning "sixth", which must have belonged to the ancestor of the gens.[3] It is frequently confounded with that of the patrician gens Sestia,[1] and in fact the two families may originally have been the same; however, Roman authors treated them as distinct gentes.[4] The plebeian gens Sextilia was derived from the same praenomen.[3]

The main praenomina of the early Sextii were Marcus, Lucius, and Gaius, the most common names throughout all periods of Roman history. From filiations, we know that some of them also used Numerius and Sextus, of which the former was relatively uncommon at Rome. Later generations of this gens used Publius, Titus, and Quintus, all of which were also common. Epigraphy provides instances of Vibius, a name that was also used by the patrician Sestii, supporting the theory of a common origin.

Most of the Sextii under the Republic bore no surname, or else had only personal cognomina, instead of family-names. These included Baculus, Calvinus, Lateranus, Naso, Paconianus, and Sabinus.[1]

This list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation.

• Marcus Sextius, tribune of the plebs in 414 BC, proposed that a colony should be sent to Bolae.[5]
• Marcus Sextius Sabinus, plebeian aedile in 203 BC, and praetor in the following year, obtained Gaul as his province.[6]
• Gaius Sextius C. f. C. n. Calvinus, consul in 124 BC, and afterwards assigned the administration of Gaul. He conquered the Salluvii, and founded the colony of Aquae Sextiae.[7][8][9]
• Sextius, quaestor of the consul Lucius Calpurnius Bestia in Numidia, in 111 BC.[10]
• Publius Sextius, praetor designatus in 100 BC, was accused of bribery by Titus Junius, and condemned. He might be the same person as the quaestor of 111.[11][12]
• Gaius Sextius Calvinus, an orator, and friend of Gaius Julius Caesar Strabo; he had only one eye.[13]
• Sextius, lictor of Verres in Sicily, and his favorite executioner.[14]
• Publius Sextius Baculus, a centurion primus pilus with Caesar's army in Gaul, who distinguished himself on many occasions by his great bravery.[15]
• Titus Sextius, one of Caesar's legates in Gaul, he subsequently held the province of Africa on behalf of the triumvirs, until the government was given to Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, in 40 BC.
• Sextius Naso, one of the conspirators against Caesar in 44 BC.[16]
• Quintus Sextius,[lower-roman 1] conspired against Quintus Cassius Longinus, governor of Hispania Ulterior, in 48 BC. After the conspiracy was suppressed, Sextius purchased his life from Cassius in exchange for a large sum of money.[17][18]
• Quintus Sextius, a Sextian philosopher during the time of Caesar; his works were admired by the younger Seneca.[19]
• Sextius Niger, a Sextian physician during the early Empire, and author of a pharmacological work.
• Sextius Paconianus, one of the agents of Sejanus, who was imprisoned after his master's downfall in AD 31, and subsequently strangled for having written some libellous verses against the emperor.[20]
• Sextia, the wife of Mamercus Aemilius Scaurus; they took their own lives after Scaurus was accused of maiestas in AD 34.[21]
• Titus Sextius Africanus, was discouraged by Agrippina from marrying Junia Silana, the widow of Gaius Silius; in AD 62 he took the census in the provinces of Gaul.[22]
• Sextia, the mother-in-law of Lucius Antistius Vetus; they were put to death by the emperor Nero in AD 65.[23]
• Titus Sextius Cornelius Africanus, consul in AD 112 with the emperor Trajan.[24]
• Lucius Aninius Sextius Florentinus, a second century Roman senator, entombed at Petra.

• List of Roman gentes
• Sestia gens
• School of the Sextii

• Marcus Tullius Cicero, Brutus, De Oratore, In Verrem.
• Gaius Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico (Commentaries on the Gallic War).
• Aulus Hirtius, De Bello Alexandrino (On the Alexandrine War).
• Gaius Sallustius Crispus (Sallust), Bellum Jugurthinum (The Jugurthine War).
• Titus Livius (Livy), History of Rome.
• Strabo, Geographica.
• Marcus Velleius Paterculus, Roman History.
• Valerius Maximus, Factorum ac Dictorum Memorabilium (Memorable Facts and Sayings).
• Lucius Annaeus Seneca (Seneca the Younger), Epistulae Morales ad Lucilium (Moral Letters to Lucilius), De Ira (On Anger).
• Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Annales.
• Appianus Alexandrinus (Appian), Bellum Civile (The Civil War).
• Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849).
• George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, vol. VIII, pp. 103–184 (1897).
• T. Robert S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, American Philological Association (1952–1986).
• Inge Mennen, Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193–284, Brill (2011).