Shem HaMephorash

Maimonides thought the Shem ha-Mephorash was used only for the four letter Tetragrammaton.[1]

A 12-letter variant appears in the Talmud, though it was unknown in later Kabbalah and completely absent from Jewish mysticism.[5]

A 22-letter variant is first written down in the Sefer Raziel HaMalakh,[5][7] without interpretation, as אנקתם פסתם פספסים דיונסים (likely transliterated as Anaktam Pastam Paspasim Dionsim). Its origins are unknown, with no connection to Hebrew or Aramaic being found, and no agreement on any particular Greek or Zoroastrian origin. There are Geonic precedents for the name, indicating that the name is older than Sefer Raziel.[5]

A 42-letter variant was described by Hai Gaon as אבגיתץ קרעשטן נגדיכש בטרצתג חקבטנע יגלפזק שקוצית. He wrote "Although the consonants of this name are well known, its proper vocalization is not rendered by tradition. Some pronounce its first part Abgitaẓ, and others Abigtaẓ, and the last part is sometimes read Shakvaẓit, and sometimes Shekuẓit, but there is no definite proof." This variation in pronunciation was understood by Joshua Trachtenberg to indicate that this version is quite ancient, the vowels in Hebrew being easily lost over time. It is, by some means, derived from the first 42 letters of the Hebrew Bible.[5] Like the 22-letter name, it is found in the Sefer Raziel HaMalakh.[7]

The "72-fold name" is highly important to Sefer Raziel,[5][7] and a key (but often missing) component to the magical practices in the Lesser Key of Solomon.[8] It is derived from Exodus 14:19–21,[2][4][5][6] read boustrophedonically[3][8] to produce 72 names of three letters. This method was explained by Rashi, (b. Sukkah 45a).[9] Kabbalist and occultist legends state that the 72-fold name was used by Moses to cross the Red Sea, and that it can grant later holymen the power to cast out demons, heal the sick, prevent natural disasters, and even kill enemies.[6]

The 72-fold name is mentioned by Roger Bacon, who complained about a book titled Liber semamphoras, more specifically the linguistic corruption that occurred in translating Hebrew to Latin.[10] The angels of the Shemhamphorash factored heavily into the cosmology of Johann Reuchlin,[11] influencing Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa[3] and Athanasius Kircher.[11] Thomas Rudd featured the 72 angels in his magic,[2] as a balancing force against the evil spirits of the Ars Goetia[8] or in isolation.[12] Rudd's material on the Shemhamphorash was later copied and expanded by Blaise de Vigenère, whose manuscripts were in turn used by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers in his works for the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn.[8]

Using the 'Reversal Cipher' of the Shematria Gematria Calculator, the 72-fold name comes to the total value of 9000.[[13]]

Within LaVeyan Satanism, the term "shemhamforash" is used during rituals as outlined in The Satanic Bible.[17] The term is essentially an equivalent of "hallelujah" in the sense that it is taken to mean "Hail Satan" when used in this context, to corroborate with LaVeyan Satanism's objective of satirizing traditional religious practice.[18]

• Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy, Book 3, part II, chapter 25 features the seventy two angels of the "Schemhamphorae." This was later copied by Francis Barrett (occultist) in his book The Magus, in Chapter 21.
• The (pseudepigraphal) Sixth and Seventh Books of Moses feature an appendix titled "Semiphoras and Schemhamphoras"
• Eliphas Levi's Clefs Majeurs et Clavicules de Salomon, where he attempts to connect the Shemhamphorash to the Tarot
• Aleister Crowley's Book T or Liber 78: A description of the cards of the Tarot, a commentary on the Tarot, Shemhamphorash, and Goetia.
• Lenain Lazare's La Science Cabalistique refers to and expands upon Kircher's treatment of the 72-fold name (tying each angel to a different language's word for God), particularly in Chapter III
• Robert Ambelain's La Kabbale Pratique features a section detailing the angels, their attributes (including astrological connections), and rituals for calling upon them.

Look up shem hamephorash in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• William Meegan's The Sistine Chapel: A Study in Celestial Cartography in The Rose Croix Journal discusses a possible relationship between Michelangelo's fresco in the Sistine Chapel and the Shemhamphorash.
• Jim Cornwell's The Names of God, from The Alpha and the Omega, "Introduction" discusses the material from an Esoteric Christian perspective.
• Aaron Leitch's Shem ha Mephoresh: The Divine Name of Extension discusses the role the Shemhamephoresh played in the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn.