Sirodotia

Sirodotia Kylin (1912) is a genus of freshwater red alga which was described by Kylin in 1912. The family Batrachospermaceae belongs to the order Batrachospermales and has six well known genera namely Batrachospermum, Kumanoa, Sirodotia, Nothocladus, Tuomeya, and Sheathia. The morphology of the gametophyte of Batrachospermum, Sirodotia, Tuomeya, and Nothocladus are more are less similar to each other. Necchi and Entwisle (1990) proposed to delimit them from generic level to section level of genus Batrachospermum.[1] Sheathia was the member of genus Batrachospermum and has risen to generic level. phylogenetic studies revealed a distinctive genus level of the above with full support in bootstrap analysis[2] (Vis et al., 1998) and Sirodotia has been raised to generic level.[3]

Sirodotia
Scientific classification
(unranked): Archaeplastida
Division: Rhodophyta
Class: Florideophyceae
Order: Batrachospermales
Family: Batrachospermaceae
Genus: Sirodotia
Kylin 1912

Taxonomic character

Attached, gelatinous gametophytic filaments, up to 17 cm long, with a beaded appearance varying from blue-green to yellow-green. Uniseriate central axis with large, cylindrical cells; 4–6 pericentral producing repeatedly branched fascicles of limited growth. In most species, rhizoid-like cortical filaments from lower side of pericentral cells. Each fascicle cell contains several, ribbon-like, parietal chloroplasts with no pyrenoid. Spermatangia budded off terminal fascicle cells, spherical, colorless, 4–7 µm diam. Little differentiated carpogonial branches with small cells. Carpogonia with broad trichogyne attached off-center to base, latter structure having a definite protrusion. Carposporophyte a branched filament creeping along main axis; carposporangia formed at branch apices. Carpospores germinate into Chantransia (= Pseudochantransia) stage, composed of branched, uniserate filaments. Meiosis and monosporangia not observed.[4]

The genus Sirodotia has been recognized by the two important reproductive characters such as asymmetrical carpogonium in the gametophyte and indeterminate/indistinct gonimoblast filament in the carposporophyte.[5][6][7] Further recognition of species inside the genus is done by various distinct characters like morphology of the gametophyte, position of spermatangia, position of the carpogonial branch, gonimoblast filament arising from the side of from carpogonium, and the size of the carpogonium.[5][6][8]

Species as per Algae Base

Note: 'C' indicates a name that is currently accepted taxonomically; S a homotypic or heterotypic synonym[4]

Distribution

Reported from tropical and temperate countries.

In India it is reported from Western Ghats[9] and Eastern Ghats.[3]

References
  1. Necchi, O.; Entwisle, T. J. (2019). "A reappraisal of generic and subgeneric classification in the Batrachospermaceae (Rhodophyta)". Phycologia. 29 (4): 478–488. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-29-4-478.1. ISSN 0031-8884.
  2. Vis, M.L., Saunders, G.W., Sheath, R.G., Dunse, K., Entwisle T.J. 1998. Phylogeny of the Batrachospermales (Rhodophyta) inferred from rbcL and 18S ribosomal DNA gene sequences. Journal of Phycology, 34: 341–350.
  3. Ulagalanthaperumal, Elaya Perumal; Rani, V. Uma; Chaugule, B.B. (2015-12-31). "Studies on a Red Alga Sirodotia huillensis (Batrachospermaceae) from Orissa State, India". 11 (3&4). Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. "Sirodotia Kylin, 1912 :: Algaebase". www.algaebase.org. Retrieved 2016-09-21.
  5. Starmach, K. 1977. Flora Stodkowodna Polski Tom. 14, Warsaw and Krakow: Polska Akademia Nauk Instytut Botaniki.
  6. Necchi, O. Jr, Sheath R.G. & Cole K.M. 1993. Distribution and systematics of the freshwater genus Sirodotia (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) in North America. Journal of Phycology 29: 236–243.
  7. Kumano, S. 2002. Freshwater Red Algae of the World. Biopress Ltd., Bristol, UK, pp.375.
  8. Necchi, J. O., Vis M. L., and Oliveira, M. C. 2007. Phylogenetic relationship of Sirodotia species (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) in North and South America. Cryptogamie Algologie. 28.
  9. Balakrishnan, M.S. & Chaugule, B.B. (1980). Indian Batrachospermaceae. In: Taxonomy of Algae. Papers presented at the International Synposium on Taxonomy of Algae held at the Cenre of Advanced Study in Botany University of Madras, December 9–16, 1974. (Desikachary, T.V. & Raja Rao, V.N Eds), pp. 223–248. Madras: University of Madras.
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