Sleep inversion

Sleep inversion or sleep-wake inversion is a reversal of sleeping tendencies. Individuals experiencing sleep-wake inversion exchange diurnal habits for nocturnal habits, meaning they are active at night and sleep during the day. Sleep-wake inversion, when involuntary, can be a sign of a serious disorder.[1]

Presentation

Individuals with the delayed sleep phase type of the disorder exhibit habitually late sleep hours and an inability to change their sleeping schedule consistently. They often show sleepiness during the desired wake period of their days. Their actual phase of sleep is normal. Once they fall asleep, they stay asleep for a normal period of time, albeit a period of time that starts and stops at an abnormally late time.

Causes

Sleep inversion may be a symptom of elevated blood ammonia levels[2] and is often an early symptom of hepatic encephalopathy.[3] Sleep inversion is a feature of African trypanosomiasis after which the disease takes its common name "African sleeping sickness";[4] sleep-wake cycle disturbances are the most common indication that the disease has reached the stage where infection spreads into the central nervous system.[5]

See also

References
  1. Morgan, M. Y. (2010). Alteration in Circadian Rhythms in patients with liver disease. London: University College.
  2. Bosoi, Cristina R.; Rose, Christopher F. (March 2009). "Identifying the direct effects of ammonia on the brain". Metabolic Brain Disease. 24 (1): 95–102. doi:10.1007/s11011-008-9112-7. hdl:1866/9593. ISSN 0885-7490. PMID 19104924.
  3. Mandiga, Pujyitha; Foris, Lisa A.; Kassim, Gassan; Bollu, Pradeep C. (2020), "Hepatic Encephalopathy", StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing, PMID 28613619, retrieved 2020-05-17
  4. "CDC - African Trypanosomiasis - Disease". www.cdc.gov. 2020-04-28. Retrieved 2020-08-11.
  5. Maxfield, Luke; Bermudez, Rene (2020), "Trypanosomiasis (Trypansomiasis)", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 30571034, retrieved 2020-08-11
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th edition, text revised. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2000.
  • Buysse, Daniel J., Charles M. Morin, and Charles F. Reynolds III. Sleep Disorders. In Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders, edited by Glen O. Gabbard. 2nd edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1995.
  • Hobson, J. Allan, and Rosalia Silvestri. "Sleep and Its Disorders." In The Harvard Guide to Psychiatry, edited by Armand M. Nicholi, Jr., M.D. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1999.
  • Thorpy, Michael J., M.D., and Jan Yager, Ph.D.The Encyclopedia of Sleep and Sleep Disorders. 2nd edition. New York: Facts on File, 2001.
  • American Sleep Disorders Association. 6301 Bandel Road NW, Suite 101, Rochester, MN 55901.
  • http://www.minddisorders.com/Br-Del/Circadian-rhythm-sleep-disorder.html#ixzz3tkBVLE9P
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