Sonerila

Sonerila[1] is a genus of plants in the family Melastomataceae. This genus is characterized by presence of three petals (along with the genera Stussenia & Lithobium) as opposed to five in the other members of the family. Most members of the genus prefer growing in shady habitats. It is a large genus including about 175 species.[2]

Sonerila
Sonerila maculata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Melastomataceae
Genus: Sonerila
Roxb.
Species

See text

This is primarily an Asiatic genus of the tropical and subtropical regions distributed from India and Sri Lanka to the Indo-Pacific.[3] The members of the group are generally herbs or under shrubs, including some stemless members. Leaves opposite, leaf margin entire or serrulate. Inflorescence usually scorpioid cymes. Flowers in most species purple, some members with reddish or white flowers. Stamens 3, (in one whorl) or rarely 6 (in two whorls). Ovary inferior, 3-celled. Many species of this genus have restricted distribution and very small populations and would thus be regarded as Vulnerable (VU) or Endangered (EN) based on IUCN Red List criteria though this taxon has not yet been assessed for the IUCN Red List.

Species
  1. Sonerila affinis Arn.
  2. Sonerila albiflora Stapf & King ex King
  3. Sonerila amoena Bakh.f.
  4. Sonerila anaimudica Lundin & B.Nord.
  5. Sonerila annamica Guillaumin
  6. Sonerila arguta R.Br. ex Wall.
  7. Sonerila arnottiana Thwaites
  8. Sonerila arunachalensis G.S.Giri, A.Pramanik & H.J.Chowdhery
  9. Sonerila barbata Ridl.
  10. Sonerila barnesii C.E.C.Fisch.
  11. Sonerila beccariana Cogn.
  12. Sonerila belluta Ridl.
  13. Sonerila bensonii Hook.f.
  14. Sonerila bicolor Stapf & King
  15. Sonerila biflora Zoll. & Moritzi
  16. Sonerila bokorense S.H.Cho & Y.D.Kim
  17. Sonerila borneensis Cogn.
  18. Sonerila bracteata Stapf & King
  19. Sonerila brandisiana Kurz
  20. Sonerila brunonis Wight & Arn.
  21. Sonerila buruensis Bakh.f.
  22. Sonerila calaminthifolia Stapf & King
  23. Sonerila calophylla Ridl.
  24. Sonerila calycula Stapf & King
  25. Sonerila cannanorensis G.S.Giri & M.P.Nayar
  26. Sonerila cantonensis Stapf
  27. Sonerila celebica Bakh.f.
  28. Sonerila clarkei Cogn.
  29. Sonerila cordifolia Cogn.
  30. Sonerila coriacea Lundin & B.Nord.
  31. Sonerila corneri Nayar
  32. Sonerila costulata Stapf & King
  33. Sonerila crassicaulis Lundin
  34. Sonerila crassiuscula Stapf
  35. Sonerila daalenii Bakh.f.
  36. Sonerila decipiens Bakh.f.
  37. Sonerila devicolamensis M.P.Nayar
  38. Sonerila dharii V.Prakash & Mehrotra
  39. Sonerila dongnathamensis Suddee, Phutthai & Rueangr.
  40. Sonerila elatostemoides Stapf & King
  41. Sonerila elegans Wight
  42. Sonerila elliptica Stapf & King
  43. Sonerila erecta Jack
  44. Sonerila exacoides Ridl.
  45. Sonerila finetii Guillaumin
  46. Sonerila firma (Thwaites ex C.B.Clarke) Lundin
  47. Sonerila fraseri Kiew
  48. Sonerila froidevilleana Bakh.f.
  49. Sonerila gamblei G.S.Giri & M.P.Nayar
  50. Sonerila gardneri Thwaites
  51. Sonerila gimlettei Ridl.
  52. Sonerila glaberrima Arn.
  53. Sonerila glabricaulis (Thwaites ex C.B.Clarke) Lundin
  54. Sonerila glabriflora Stapf & King
  55. Sonerila grandiflora R.Br. ex Wall.
  56. Sonerila grandis Ridl.
  57. Sonerila griffithii C.B.Clarke
  58. Sonerila guneratnei Trimen
  59. Sonerila hainanensis Merr.
  60. Sonerila harmandii Guillaumin
  61. Sonerila harveyi Thwaites
  62. Sonerila helferi C.B.Clarke
  63. Sonerila heterophylla Jack
  64. Sonerila hirsuta Ridl.
  65. Sonerila hirsutula Arn.
  66. Sonerila hirtella Cogn.
  67. Sonerila hirtiflora Nayar
  68. Sonerila hookeriana Arn.
  69. Sonerila impatiens Becc. ex Cogn.
  70. Sonerila inaequalis Murugan & Manickam
  71. Sonerila insignis Blume
  72. Sonerila integrifolia Stapf
  73. Sonerila junghuhniana Miq.
  74. Sonerila kanniyakumariana Gopalan & A.N.Henry
  75. Sonerila khasiana C.B.Clarke
  76. Sonerila kinabaluensis Stapf
  77. Sonerila laeviuscula Zoll. & Moritzi ex Miq.
  78. Sonerila lanceolata Thwaites
  79. Sonerila lecomtei Guillaumin
  80. Sonerila linearis Hook.f. ex Triana
  81. Sonerila longipetiolata Josephine, Manickam, Murugan, Sundaresan & Jothi
  82. Sonerila macrantha Merr.
  83. Sonerila maculata Roxb.
  84. Sonerila malabarica Robi, Dantas & Sujanapal
  85. Sonerila margaritacea Lindl.
  86. Sonerila metallica C.W.Lin, Chien F.Chen & T.Y.A.Yang
  87. Sonerila microcarpa Stapf & King
  88. Sonerila minima Stapf ex Ridl.
  89. Sonerila mollis Stapf & King
  90. Sonerila moluccana Roxb.
  91. Sonerila nagyana Cellin.
  92. Sonerila nairii Soumya & Maya
  93. Sonerila nana Ridl.
  94. Sonerila nayariana Murug. & V.Balas.
  95. Sonerila neglecta Nayar
  96. Sonerila nemakadensis C.E.C.Fisch.
  97. Sonerila neodriessenioides C.Hansen
  98. Sonerila nervulosa Ridl.
  99. Sonerila nidularia Stapf & King
  100. Sonerila nodosa Ridl.
  101. Sonerila nodulosa Ridl.
  102. Sonerila nudiscapa Kurz
  103. Sonerila obliqua Korth.
  104. Sonerila obovata O.Schwartz
  105. Sonerila pallida Stapf & King ex King
  106. Sonerila papuana Cogn.
  107. Sonerila parameswaranii K.Ravik. & V.Lakshm.
  108. Sonerila parviflora Cogn.
  109. Sonerila pedunculata O.Schwartz
  110. Sonerila pedunculosa Thwaites
  111. Sonerila pilosula Thwaites
  112. Sonerila plagiocardia Diels
  113. Sonerila primuloides C.Y.Wu
  114. Sonerila prostrata Ridl.
  115. Sonerila pulchella Stapf
  116. Sonerila pulneyensis Gamble
  117. Sonerila pumila Thwaites
  118. Sonerila purpurascens Becc. ex Cogn.
  119. Sonerila pusilla Ridl.
  120. Sonerila raghaviana Ratheesh, Sunil, Nandakumar & Shaju
  121. Sonerila ramosa Ridl.
  122. Sonerila repens Stapf & King
  123. Sonerila rheedei Wall.
  124. Sonerila rhombifolia Thwaites
  125. Sonerila robusta Arn.
  126. Sonerila rotundifolia Bedd.
  127. Sonerila rubro-villosa O.Schwartz
  128. Sonerila rudis Stapf & King
  129. Sonerila rufidula Nayar
  130. Sonerila ruttenii Bakh.f.
  131. Sonerila ruttneri Ridl.
  132. Sonerila sadasivanii Nayar
  133. Sonerila sahyadrica G.S.Giri & M.P.Nayar
  134. Sonerila saxosa Stapf & King
  135. Sonerila scapigera Hook.
  136. Sonerila secunda R.Br.
  137. Sonerila silvatica Lundin
  138. Sonerila speciosa Zenker
  139. Sonerila spectabilis Nayar
  140. Sonerila squarrosa Wall.
  141. Sonerila sreenarayaniana Sunil, Naveen Kum. & Rajeev
  142. Sonerila stricta Hook.
  143. Sonerila succulenta Stapf & King
  144. Sonerila suffruticosa Stapf & King
  145. Sonerila sulpheyi Pichan M. Salim, Jose Mathew, T. K. Hrideek[4]
  146. Sonerila talbotii G.S.Giri & M.P.Nayar
  147. Sonerila tenera Royle
  148. Sonerila tenuifolia Blume
  149. Sonerila tetraptera Stapf ex Ridl.
  150. Sonerila tinnevelliensis C.E.C.Fisch.
  151. Sonerila tomentella Thwaites
  152. Sonerila travancorica Bedd.
  153. Sonerila trianae N.P.Balakr.
  154. Sonerila triflora Cogn.
  155. Sonerila trinervis Q.W.Lin
  156. Sonerila tuberculifera Cogn.
  157. Sonerila tuberosa C.Hansen
  158. Sonerila urceolata Cellin. & S.S.Renner
  159. Sonerila vatphouensis Munzinger & C.V.Martin
  160. Sonerila veldkampiana Ratheesh, Mini & Sivad.
  161. Sonerila velutina Cogn.
  162. Sonerila versicolor Wight
  163. Sonerila verticillata J.A.McDonald
  164. Sonerila villosa C.E.C.Fisch.
  165. Sonerila violifolia Hook.f. ex Triana
  166. Sonerila virgata O.Schwartz
  167. Sonerila wallichii Benn.
  168. Sonerila wightiana Arn.
  169. Sonerila woodii Merr.
  170. Sonerila wynaadensis Nayar
  171. Sonerila zeylanica Wight & Arn.

References
  1. Roxburgh, William (1820). Flora Indica Vol 1. India: Mission Press. p. 493.
  2. Lundin, Roger; Nordenstam, Bertil (19 March 2009). "Two new species of Sonerila (Melastomaceae) from South India". Novon. 19 (1): 76–79. doi:10.3417/2004198. S2CID 86826834.
  3. Cellinese, N. (1997). "A New Sonerila (Melastomataceae) from Central Kalimantan, Borneo". Novon. 7 (2): 103–105. doi:10.2307/3392180. JSTOR 3392180.
  4. Phytotaxa Sonerila sulpheyi (Melastomataceae, Sonerileae): A new species from the Southern Western Ghats, India
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