Southend (UK Parliament constituency)
Southend-on-Sea was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Southend-on-Sea in Essex. It returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
| Southend | |
|---|---|
| Former Borough constituency for the House of Commons | |
| 1918–1950 | |
| Number of members | one |
| Replaced by | Southend East Southend West |
| Created from | South East Essex |
History
The constituency was created under the Representation of the People Act 1918 by splitting the County Borough of Southend-on-Sea from the existing constituency of South East Essex. The sitting MP for that constituency, Rupert Guinness, was elected to the new constituency. It was abolished for the 1950 general election, when the expanded County Borough (which had incorporated the Urban District of Shoeburyness) was divided into the new constituencies of Southend East and Southend West.
Boundaries
1918–1945: The County Borough of Southend-on-Sea.[1]
1945–1950: Part of the County Borough of Southend-on-Sea.[1] (No changes to constituency boundaries).
Members of Parliament
| Election | Member[2] | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1918 | Rupert Guinness, 2nd Earl of Iveagh | Conservative | |
| 1927 by-election | Gwendolen Guinness, Countess of Iveagh | Conservative | |
| 1935 | Henry Channon | Conservative | |
| 1950 | constituency abolished: see Southend East and Southend West | ||
Guinness family
For most of the 20th century, this constituency and one of its successors was held by four members of the Guinness family. When Rupert Guinness was elevated to the Peerage upon the death of his father, he was succeeded by his wife, Gwendolen. When she retired in 1935 she was succeeded by her eldest daughter's husband, Henry "Chips" Channon. Channon continued to serve as MP for one of the successor constituencies, Southend West, until his death in 1958. That seat was then represented by his son, Paul Channon, until 1997. Because of this connection, the seat became known in the media as "Guinness-on-Sea".[3]
Elections
Elections in the 1910s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | Unionist | Rupert Guinness | 12,392 | 63.3 | |
| Ind. Conservative | Joseph Francis | 4,242 | 21.6 | ||
| Liberal | Chalton Hubbard | 2,965 | 15.1 | ||
| Majority | 8,150 | 41.7 | |||
| Turnout | 19,599 | 53.9 | |||
| Unionist win (new seat) | |||||
| C indicates candidate endorsed by the coalition government. | |||||
Elections in the 1920s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unionist | Rupert Guinness | 17,920 | 61.9 | -1.4 | |
| Liberal | Henry George Walker | 11,039 | 38.1 | +23.0 | |
| Majority | 6,881 | 23.8 | -17.9 | ||
| Turnout | 28,959 | 68.0 | +14.1 | ||
| Unionist hold | Swing | -12.2 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unionist | Rupert Guinness | 15,566 | 50.2 | -11.7 | |
| Liberal | Douglas Young | 15,453 | 49.8 | +11.7 | |
| Majority | 113 | 0.4 | -23.4 | ||
| Turnout | 31,019 | 69.3 | +1.3 | ||
| Unionist hold | Swing | -11.7 | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unionist | Rupert Guinness | 23,417 | 62.5 | +12.3 | |
| Liberal | Douglas Young | 10,924 | 29.1 | -20.7 | |
| Labour | Sydney Alexander Moseley | 3,144 | 8.4 | New | |
| Majority | 12,493 | 33.4 | +30.0 | ||
| Turnout | 37,485 | 79.3 | +10.0 | ||
| Unionist hold | Swing | ||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unionist | Gwendolen Guinness | 21,221 | 54.6 | -7.9 | |
| Liberal | Dougal Meston | 11,912 | 30.7 | +1.6 | |
| Labour | James Erskine Harper | 4,777 | 12.3 | +3.9 | |
| Ind. Conservative | E.A. Hailwood | 917 | 2.4 | New | |
| Majority | 9,309 | 23.9 | -9.5 | ||
| Turnout | 38,827 | 73.2 | -6.1 | ||
| Unionist hold | Swing | ||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unionist | Gwendolen Guinness | 27,605 | 55.8 | -6.7 | |
| Liberal | Dougal Meston | 21,884 | 44.2 | +15.1 | |
| Majority | 5,721 | 11.6 | -21.8 | ||
| Turnout | 49,489 | 67.0 | -12.3 | ||
| Unionist hold | Swing | ||||
Elections in the 1930s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | Gwendolen Guinness | 46,564 | 85.7 | +29.9 | |
| Labour | Albert Bechervaise | 7,741 | 14.3 | New | |
| Majority | 38,823 | 71.4 | +59.8 | ||
| Turnout | 54,305 | 68.5 | +1.5 | ||
| Conservative hold | Swing | ||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | Henry Channon | 36,865 | 65.1 | -20.6 | |
| Liberal | Murray Gladstone | 11,934 | 21.1 | New | |
| Labour | Helen Keynes | 7,796 | 13.8 | -0.5 | |
| Majority | 24,931 | 44.0 | -27.4 | ||
| Turnout | 56,595 | 65.9 | -2.6 | ||
| Conservative hold | Swing | ||||
General Election 1939/40
Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by the Autumn of 1939, the following candidates had been selected;
- Conservative: Henry Channon
- Liberal: Philip Whitehead[5]
- Labour: GR Sandison[6]
Elections in the 1940s
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | Henry Channon | 23,712 | 44.6 | -20.5 | |
| Labour | Gordon Sandison | 20,635 | 38.9 | +20.1 | |
| Liberal | H Douglas Tanner | 8,735 | 16.5 | -4.6 | |
| Majority | 3,077 | 5.7 | -38.3 | ||
| Turnout | 53,082 | 73.3 | +7.4 | ||
| Conservative hold | Swing | ||||
References
- Craig, Fred W. S. (1972). Boundaries of parliamentary constituencies 1885-1972;. Chichester: Political Reference Publications. ISBN 0900178094. OCLC 539011.
- Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "S" (part 4)
- Obituary: Lord Kelvedon | Obituaries | Guardian Unlimited
- British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
- The Liberal Magazine, 1939
- Report of the Annual Conference of the Labour Party, 1939