Sphenophorus

Sphenophorus
	Sphenophorus cariosus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Family:	Curculionidae
Tribe:	Sphenophorini
Genus:	Sphenophorus; Schönherr, 1838

Sphenophorus is a genus of weevils, often known as billbugs, in the family Curculionidae,[1][2][3] and tribe Sphenophorini. Eleven species of billbugs infest managed turfgrass in North America.[4]

Sphenophorus cicatristriatus

Sphenophorus cicatristriatus

Species[2]

Sphenophorus abbreviatus (Fabricius, J.C., 1787)
Sphenophorus adspersus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus aduncus Erichson, 1847
Sphenophorus aequalis Gyllenhal, 1838 (clay-coloured billbug)
Sphenophorus albicollis Schoenherr, 1838
Sphenophorus alfurus Heller, 1914
Sphenophorus ambiguus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus anceps Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus angustus Boheman, 1845
Sphenophorus apicalis LeConte, 1878
Sphenophorus ardesius Schoenherr, 1839
Sphenophorus arizonensis Horn, 1873
Sphenophorus asper Vaurie, 1978
Sphenophorus aterrimus Champion, 1910
Sphenophorus atratus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus aurofasciatus Brême, 1844
Sphenophorus austerus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus australis Chittenden, 1905
Sphenophorus bartramiae Chittenden, 1924
Sphenophorus basilanus Heller, 1922
Sphenophorus bifasciatus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus bisbisignatus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus blanchardi Chittenden, 1905
Sphenophorus brasiliensis Hustache, 1936
Sphenophorus bruchi Hustache, 1936
Sphenophorus brunnipennis Schoenherr, 1838
Sphenophorus brutus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus callizona Chevrolat, L.A.A., 1882
Sphenophorus callosus (Olivier, 1807) (southern corn billbug)
Sphenophorus canalipes Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus carbonarius Schoenherr, 1838
Sphenophorus carinicollis Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus cariosus (Olivier, 1807) (nutgrass billbug)
Sphenophorus caroli Vaurie, 1967
Sphenophorus castaneipennis Boheman, 1838
Sphenophorus castanipes Boheman, 1845
Sphenophorus cazieri Vaurie, 1951
Sphenophorus chittendeni Blatchley, 1916
Sphenophorus cicatricosus Schoenherr, 1838
Sphenophorus cicatristriatus Fåhraeus, 1838 (Rocky Mountain billbug)
Sphenophorus cincticollis Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus cinctus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus cinerascens Motschulsky, V. de, 1858
Sphenophorus coesifrons Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus compressirostris (Say, 1824)
Sphenophorus costatus Waterhouse, O.C., 1879
Sphenophorus costicollis Chittenden, 1919
Sphenophorus costipennis Horn, 1873
Sphenophorus crenatus (LeConte, 1876)
Sphenophorus cristulatus Hustache, 1936
Sphenophorus cruciata Quedenfeldt, G., 1888
Sphenophorus cruciger Motschulsky, V. de, 1858
Sphenophorus crudus Erichson, 1847
Sphenophorus cubensis (Buchanan, 1936)
Sphenophorus cultellatus Horn, 1873
Sphenophorus decoratus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus deficiens Chittenden, 1920
Sphenophorus defrictus Boheman, 1845
Sphenophorus dehaanii Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus delumbatus Boheman, 1845
Sphenophorus destructor Chittenden, 1905
Sphenophorus dietrichi (Satterthwait, 1933)
Sphenophorus dimidiatipennis Jekel, H., 1858
Sphenophorus dispar Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus diversus Chittenden, 1905
Sphenophorus dolosus Vaurie, 1978
Sphenophorus elegans Theobald, 1935
Sphenophorus ensirostris Schoenherr, 1838
Sphenophorus erythrurus Chevrolat, L.A.A., 1880
Sphenophorus exquisita Walker, F., 1859
Sphenophorus fahraei Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus fasciatus Gemminger, M. & Harold, E. von q., 1871
Sphenophorus ferrugineus Boheman, 1845
Sphenophorus fossor Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus foveatus Vaurie, 1978
Sphenophorus gagatinus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus geminatus Hustache, 1936
Sphenophorus gentilis LeConte, 1857
Sphenophorus germari Horn, 1873
Sphenophorus glabricollis Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus glabridiscus Walker, F., 1859
Sphenophorus graminis Chittenden, 1905
Sphenophorus guttatus Fåhraeus, 1845
Sphenophorus haneti Quedenfeldt, G., 1888
Sphenophorus hebetatus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus hemipterus Schoenherr, 1838
Sphenophorus henophorus sayi Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus hoegbergii Boheman, 1845
Sphenophorus holosericus Chittenden, 1924
Sphenophorus hypocrita Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus immunis Schoenherr, 1838
Sphenophorus implicatus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus imus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus inaequalis (Say, 1831) (uneven billbug)
Sphenophorus incongruus Chittenden, 1905
Sphenophorus incurrens Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus infelix Gistel, 1848
Sphenophorus inscripta Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus insculptus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus insularis Boheman, C.H., 1859
Sphenophorus interruptecostata Schaufuss, 1885
Sphenophorus interstitialis (Say, 1831)
Sphenophorus javanensis Günther, 1937
Sphenophorus kuatunensis Voss, 1958
Sphenophorus laetus Erichson, 1847
Sphenophorus larvalis Schoenherr, 1838
Sphenophorus lateritius Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus latinasus Horn, 1873
Sphenophorus latiscapus Kirsch, T., 1869
Sphenophorus lebasi Gyllenhal, L. in Schönherr, C.J., 1838
Sphenophorus lebasii Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus leprosus Fåhraeus, 1845
Sphenophorus letestui Hustache, 1936
Sphenophorus leucographus Fåhraeus, 1845
Sphenophorus levis Vaurie, 1978
Sphenophorus lineatocollis Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus lineatus Champion, 1910
Sphenophorus liratus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus longicollis Schoenherr, 1838
Sphenophorus maculata Gyllenhal, L. in Schönherr, C.J., 1838
Sphenophorus maculifer Fåhraeus, 1845
Sphenophorus maderensis Hoffmann, 1938
Sphenophorus maidis Chittenden, 1905 (maize billbug)
Sphenophorus marinus Chittenden, 1905
Sphenophorus maurus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus melancholicus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus melanocardius Schoenherr, 1838
Sphenophorus melanocephalus (Fabricius, 1801)
Sphenophorus melanurus Kirsch, T., 1875
Sphenophorus memnonius Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus meridionalis Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus mimelus Vaurie, 1978
Sphenophorus minimus Hart, 1890 (lesser billbug)
Sphenophorus missouriensis Chittenden, 1919
Sphenophorus monilis Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus mormon Chittenden, 1904
Sphenophorus multipunctatus Champion, 1910
Sphenophorus mundus Champion, 1910
Sphenophorus musaecola Fairmaire, L., 1898
Sphenophorus mutilatus Schoenherr, 1838
Sphenophorus naegelianus Heer, O., 1847
Sphenophorus napoanus Hustache, 1936
Sphenophorus nawradi Kirsch, T., 1869
Sphenophorus nebulosus Champion, G.C., 1910
Sphenophorus necydaloides (Fabricius, 1801)
Sphenophorus neomexicanus Chittenden, 1904
Sphenophorus nevadensis Chittenden, 1905
Sphenophorus nigerrimus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus nigroplagiata Quedenfeldt, G., 1888
Sphenophorus nudicollis Kirsch, T., 1877
Sphenophorus obsoletus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus octocostatus Champion, 1910
Sphenophorus octomaculatus Heller, 1934
Sphenophorus opacus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus orizabensis Chevrolat, L.A.A., 1882
Sphenophorus paganus (Fabricius, J.C., 1775)
Sphenophorus panops Walk. in Mshl., 1920
Sphenophorus parumpunctatus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal, 1838 (bluegrass billbug)
Sphenophorus perforatus Fåhraeus, 1845
Sphenophorus pertinax (Olivier, 1807)
Sphenophorus phoeniciensis Chittenden, 1904 (phoenix billbug)
Sphenophorus piceus (Pallas, P.S., 1771)
Sphenophorus picirostris Fairmaire, L., 1897
Sphenophorus placidus Schoenherr, 1838
Sphenophorus planipennis Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus polygrammus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus pontederiae Chittenden, 1905
Sphenophorus proluviosus Heyden, C. von & Heyden, L. von., 1866
Sphenophorus promissa Pascoe, F.P., 1885
Sphenophorus pulchellus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus pulchellus Riley, 1871
Sphenophorus punctatostriatus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus pustulosus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus quadrimaculata Gyllenhal, L. in Schönherr, C.J., 1838
Sphenophorus quadrimaculatus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus quadrisignatus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus quadrivittatus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus quadrivulnerata Thomson, J., 1858
Sphenophorus quinquepunctatus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus rectus (Say, 1831)
Sphenophorus regelianus Heer, O., 1847
Sphenophorus rimoratus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus robustior Chittenden, 1905
Sphenophorus robustus Horn, 1873
Sphenophorus roelofsi Chevrolat, L.A.A., 1882
Sphenophorus rubellus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus rufofasciatus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus rufus Szalay Marzsó, 1957
Sphenophorus rusticus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus sacchari Schoenherr, 1838
Sphenophorus sanguineus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus sanguinolentus Chevrolat, L.A.A., 1882
Sphenophorus sationis Heller, 1925
Sphenophorus saucius Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus sayi Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus schoenherrii Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus schwarzii Chittenden, 1924
Sphenophorus scoparius Horn, 1873
Sphenophorus senegalensis Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus sericans Schoenherr, 1845
Sphenophorus sericeus Schoenherr, 1838
Sphenophorus seriepunctatus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus serratipes Chittenden, 1924
Sphenophorus sierrakowskyi Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus signaticollis Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus simplex LeConte, 1860
Sphenophorus soltauii Chittenden, 1905
Sphenophorus sordidus Schoenherr, 1838
Sphenophorus spadiceus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus spangleri Anderson, 2014
Sphenophorus spinolae Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus squamosus Boheman, 1845
Sphenophorus sriatoforatus Gyllenhal, L. in Schönherr, C.J., 1838
Sphenophorus stigmaticus Fåhraeus, 1845
Sphenophorus strangulatus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus striatipennis Chittenden, 1905
Sphenophorus striatoforatus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus striatopunctatus (Goeze, J.A.E., 1777)
Sphenophorus strigosus Erichson, 1847
Sphenophorus subcostatus Fairmaire, L., 1903
Sphenophorus subulatus Chittenden, 1905
Sphenophorus suturalis Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus taboa Vanin, 1990
Sphenophorus tardus Fall, 1901
Sphenophorus tenuis Vaurie, 1978
Sphenophorus terebrans Schoenherr, 1838
Sphenophorus terricola Champion, 1910
Sphenophorus testardi Montrouzier, X., 1860
Sphenophorus tetricus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus thoracicus Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus tincturata Pascoe, F.P., 1885
Sphenophorus tomentosus Vaurie, 1978
Sphenophorus tornowii Brèthes, 1910
Sphenophorus tredecimpunctatus Schoenherr, 1838
Sphenophorus tremolerasi Hustache, 1937
Sphenophorus truncatus Schoenherr, 1838
Sphenophorus validirostris Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus variabilis Gyllenhal, 1838
Sphenophorus variegatus Schoenherr, 1838
Sphenophorus velutinus LeConte, 1876
Sphenophorus venatus (Say, 1831) (hunting billbug)
Sphenophorus vilis Hustache, 1936
Sphenophorus villosiventris Chittenden, 1905
Sphenophorus vittata Chittenden, 1924
Sphenophorus vomerinus LeConte, 1858
Sphenophorus zamiae Gyllenhal, L. in Schönherr, C.J., 1838
Sphenophorus zeae Walsh, 1867 (Timothy billbug)

References

"Sphenophorus Genus Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-02-12.
"Sphenophorus Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-02-12.
"Sphenophorus Overview". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 2018-02-12.
Duffy, Alexandra G.; Powell, Gareth S.; Zaspel, Jennifer M.; Richmond, Douglas S. (2018-02-09). "Billbug (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae: Sphenophorus spp.) Seasonal Biology and DNA-Based Life Stage Association in Indiana Turfgrass". Journal of Economic Entomology. 111 (1): 304–313. doi:10.1093/jee/tox340. ISSN 0022-0493.

Media related to Sphenophorus at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Sphenophorus at Wikispecies

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[bugref-1] "Sphenophorus Genus Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-02-12.

[itis-2] "Sphenophorus Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-02-12.

[eol-3] "Sphenophorus Overview". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 2018-02-12.

[4] Duffy, Alexandra G.; Powell, Gareth S.; Zaspel, Jennifer M.; Richmond, Douglas S. (2018-02-09). "Billbug (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae: Sphenophorus spp.) Seasonal Biology and DNA-Based Life Stage Association in Indiana Turfgrass". Journal of Economic Entomology. 111 (1): 304–313. doi:10.1093/jee/tox340. ISSN 0022-0493.