Sphincterochila

Sphincterochila
	A lateral view of a live individual ofSphincterochila candidissima
	A dorsal view of a live Sphincterochila candidissima
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Heterobranchia
Superorder:	Eupulmonata
Order:	Stylommatophora
Infraorder:	Helicoidei
Superfamily:	Helicoidea
Family:	Sphincterochilidae
Genus:	Sphincterochila; Ancey, 1887[1]
Type species
	Helix boissieri Charpentier, 1847;
Synonyms[2]
	Albea Pallary, 1910; Albea (Cariosula) Pallary, 1910; Albea (Sphincterochila) Ancey, 1887; Calcarina Moquin-Tandon, 1848; Candidissima Pallary, 1910; Leucochroa (Calcarina) Moquin-Tandon, 1848; Leucochroa (Sphincterochila) Ancey, 1887; Mima Westerlund, 1886; Rima Pallary, 1910; Sphincterochila (Albea) Pallary, 1910· accepted, alternate representation; Sphincterochila (Cariosula) Pallary, 1910· accepted, alternate representation; Sphincterochila (Cerigottella) E. Gittenberger, 1993· accepted, alternate representation; Sphincterochila (Rima) Pallary, 1910 (junior synonym); Sphincterochila (Sphincterochila) Ancey, 1887 accepted, alternate representation; Sphincterochila (Zilchena) Forcart, 1972· accepted, alternate representation;

Sphincterochila is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Sphincterochilidae. [2]

Sphincterochila is the type genus of the family Sphincterochilidae.[3]

Species in the genus Sphincterochila are arid-adapted (adapted to living in very dry conditions).

Species

Species in the genus Sphincterochila include:

Subgenus Albea Pallary, 1910[4][5]

Sphincterochila candidissima (Draparnaud, 1801)[5][6][7]
Sphincterochila tunetana (Pfeiffer, 1850)[5]

Subgenus Sphincterochila Ancey, 1887 sensu stricto - synonym: subgenus Rima Pallary, 1910[5]

Sphincterochila boissieri (Charpentier, 1847) - type species[6]
Sphincterochila cariosa (Olivier, 1801)[5][7] - shell description

Subgenus ?

Sphincterochila aharonii (Kobelt, 1913)[7]
Sphincterochila baetica (Rossmässler, 1854)[6][7]
Sphincterochila cariosula (Michaud, 1833)[6][7]
Sphincterochila chionudiscus (Boettger, 1874)[7]
Sphincterochila corrugata Pallary, 1917[7]
Sphincterochila debeauxi (Kobelt, 1881)[7]
- Sphincterochila debeauxi elevata Pallary, 1910[7]
Sphincterochila fimbriata (Bourguignat, 1852)[7]
Sphincterochila insularis (Boettger, 1894)[6]
Sphincterochila maroccana Pallary, 1917[7]
- Sphincterochila maroccana conica Pallary, 1926[7]
- Sphincterochila maroccana depressa Pallary, 1926[7]
- Sphincterochila maroccana major Pallary, 1926[7]
- Sphincterochila maroccana minor Pallary, 1926[7]
- Sphincterochila maroccana tananensis Pallary, 1917[7]
Sphincterochila marteli (Pallary, 1918)[7]
Sphincterochila mayrani (Gassies, 1856)[7]
- Sphincterochila mayrani turrita (Gassies, 1856)[7]
Sphincterochila pagodula (Rutland, 1878)[7]
- Sphincterochila pagodula umbilicata (Ruttland, 1878)[7]
Sphincterochila pardoi Llabador, 1950[7]
Sphincterochila prophetarum (Bourguignat, 1852)[6][7]
Sphincterochila roumensiana (Pallary, 1911)[7]
Sphincterochila zonata (Bourguignat, 1853)[7] - a synonym of Sphincterochila boissieri[8][9]
- Sphincterochila zonata filia (Mousson, 1861) - shell photo 1, shell photo 2, shell drawing (figure 70–71.)

Comparison of apertural views of shells of five Sphincterochila species:

References

Ancey C. F. (1887). "Description of new genera or sub-genera of Helicidae". (Continued). The Conchologists’ Exchange 2(2): 22-23.
MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Sphincterochila Ancey, 1887. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=996739 on 2020-12-05
Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
Pallary P. M. (1910). "Les Calcarina du Nord-Ouest de l’Afrique". Abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft 32(Festschrift Kobelt): 101-111, page 111.
Abbes I., Nouira S. & Neubert E. (2011). "Sphincterochilidae from Tunisia, with a note on the subgenus Rima Pallary, 1910 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata)". ZooKeys 151: 1–15. doi:10.3897/zookeys.151.2264.
Species in genus Sphincterochila (n=6). AnimalBase, accessed 10 April 2009.
SPHINCTEROCHILIDAE. page 1 and page 2, Femorale, accessed 25 June 2011.
Steinberger Y. (1991). "Biology of Arid region Soils – Faunal Components". In J. Skujins (ed.). Semiarid Lands and Deserts: Soil Resource and Reclamation. Books in soils, plants and the environment. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. p. 187. ISBN 0-8247-8388-3.
Shachak M.; Orr Y.; Steinberger Y. (1975). "Field observations on the natural history of Sphincterochila (S.) zonata (Bourguignat, 1853) (= S. boissieri Charpentier, 1847)". Argamon: Israel Journal of Malacology. Israel Malacology Society and Municipal Malacology Museum: Nahariya. 5 (1–4): 20–46. ISSN 0334-326X.

External links

Shoshana Goldenberg, Z. Arad; Heller, J. (1989). "Resistance to desiccation and distribution patterns in the land snailSphincterochila". Journal of Zoology. 218 (3): 353. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb02549.x..
Checa, Antonio G.; Jiménez-Jiménez, Antonio P.; Rivas, Pascual (1998). "Regulation of spiral coiling in the terrestrial gastropod Sphincterochila: An experimental test of the road-holding model". Journal of Morphology. 235 (3): 249. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199803)235:3<249::AID-JMOR4>3.0.CO;2-1..
Mizrahi, Tal; Heller, Joseph; Goldenberg, Shoshana; Arad, Zeev (2009). "Heat shock proteins and resistance to desiccation in congeneric land snails". Cell Stress and Chaperones. 15 (4): 351–63. doi:10.1007/s12192-009-0150-9. PMC 3082649. PMID 19953352..
http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/genus?id=678

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[1] Ancey C. F. (1887). "Description of new genera or sub-genera of Helicidae". (Continued). The Conchologists’ Exchange 2(2): 22-23.

[WoRMS-2] MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Sphincterochila Ancey, 1887. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=996739 on 2020-12-05

[3] Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.

[4] Pallary P. M. (1910). "Les Calcarina du Nord-Ouest de l’Afrique". Abhandlungen der senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft 32(Festschrift Kobelt): 101-111, page 111.

[Abbes_2011-5] Abbes I., Nouira S. & Neubert E. (2011). "Sphincterochilidae from Tunisia, with a note on the subgenus Rima Pallary, 1910 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata)". ZooKeys 151: 1–15. doi:10.3897/zookeys.151.2264.

[AB_list-6] Species in genus Sphincterochila (n=6). AnimalBase, accessed 10 April 2009.

[Femorale_2011-7] SPHINCTEROCHILIDAE. page 1 and page 2, Femorale, accessed 25 June 2011.

[Steinberger_1991-8] Steinberger Y. (1991). "Biology of Arid region Soils – Faunal Components". In J. Skujins (ed.). Semiarid Lands and Deserts: Soil Resource and Reclamation. Books in soils, plants and the environment. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. p. 187. ISBN 0-8247-8388-3.

[Shachak_1975-9] Shachak M.; Orr Y.; Steinberger Y. (1975). "Field observations on the natural history of Sphincterochila (S.) zonata (Bourguignat, 1853) (= S. boissieri Charpentier, 1847)". Argamon: Israel Journal of Malacology. Israel Malacology Society and Municipal Malacology Museum: Nahariya. 5 (1–4): 20–46. ISSN 0334-326X.