Spike Hughes

Born in London, Hughes was the son of Irish composer, writer and song collector Herbert Hughes and great grandson of the sculptor Samuel Peploe Wood.[3] His childhood, spent mostly with his mother Lilian Meacham (1886–1973), a Harley Street psychiatrist, involved a lot of travelling in France and Italy, as well as a more settled period of education at Perse School in Cambridge.[4] In 1923 at the age of 15 he went to Vienna to study composition with Egon Wellesz. While in Vienna he claimed to have visited the opera nearly 450 times, always standing at the back of the gallery with a score in his hand.[5] He also began writing his first music criticism for The Times in London.[6] And he heard his first jazz, at the Weinberg Bar, Weihburggasse, a band led by trumpeter Arthur Briggs.[7] Returning to the UK in 1926, Hughes had a solo cello sonata performed in London,[8] and wrote the incidental music for two theatre productions in Cambridge.

His interest in jazz was further stimulated by hearing the London revue Blackbirds, starring Florence Mills and Edith Wilson, in September 1926. It was an enthusiasm he shared with his friends, the composers Constant Lambert and William Walton and the conductor Hyam Greenbaum. Hughes taught himself double bass (using a German string bass made of tin[9]) and formed his own jazz group in 1930. The group was one of the earliest artists signed to Decca Records in England, and over 30 sessions were recorded between 1930 and 1933.[10] Originally billed as Spike Hughes and his Decca-Dents, he reportedly did not like the name and after three sessions it was changed either to "his Dance Orchestra" or "his Three Blind Mice" for smaller sessions. Hughes used the Chenil Galleries, King's Road, Chelsea as the recording venue, and in April 1930 persuaded the visiting Jimmy Dorsey to visit Chelsea for some sessions.[7] These records were used as the basis for the "hastily assembled" jazz ballet High Yellow, put on by the Camargo Society at the Savoy Theatre in London, June 1932.[11] Choreography for the ballet was by Frederick Ashton and Buddy Bradley. The title comes from the once widely used, now discredited term high yellow, describing mixed black and white ancestry.

From 1931 Hughes played regularly with the Jack Hylton Band.[9] But his jazz recording career culminated in 1933 with his visit to New York, where he arranged three historic recording sessions involving members of Benny Carter's and Luis Russell's orchestras with Coleman Hawkins and Henry "Red" Allen from Fletcher Henderson's band.[12] These fourteen sides were mostly Hughes' own compositions.[13][14] Though most were not released in America at the time, they have come to be regarded as classics[15] and are still available on CD.[16] Some of his jazz pieces show the influence of Irish folk melodies and his father Herbert Hughes (Donegal Cradle Song[17]). Others are clearly inspired by the work of Duke Ellington (A Harlem Symphony,[18] first tried out on William Walton's piano at No 2 Carlyle Square[19]). Hughes, along with Constant Lambert, met and socialised with Ellington when he was in London in 1933.[20]

After the New York recordings, Hughes gave up performing jazz.[10] He orchestrated and conducted shows for C B Cochran and (using the pseudonym "Mike") wrote influential jazz reviews for Melody Maker (1931–44), The Daily Herald (1933–36) and The Times (1957–67), as well as establishing performance and recording opportunities for American bands in England.[7] He wrote radio plays with his own musical scores for the BBC, such as Nikki Makes News (1937).[5] And he renewed his interest in opera and classical music, through writing and broadcasting, conducting the BBC Theatre Orchestra, and through composing his own operas, including Cinderella (1938)[21][22] and St Patrick's Day (1947) for BBC Television (perhaps the first television operas to be broadcast), as well as a musical, Frankie and Johnny, televised in 1950.[4]

As a writer, regular BBC broadcaster and critic his subjects also included food and travel. Out of Season (1955) is a travelogue describing a winter journey by train and boat from London to Sicily, with time spent in Vienna, Venice, Milan, Parma, Florence, Naples, Palermo. Catania, Genoa, Turin and Dieppe. The journey also served as the research trip for his next book, Great Opera Houses (1956). The two volumes of autobiography are particularly valuable for the information they include on his contemporaries.[6] In between the more serious works, Hughes produced his series of "The Art of Coarse...." studies which opened with The Art of Coarse Cricket in 1954 and was followed over the years by ...Coarse Travel, ...Gardening, ...Bridge, ...Cookery and ..Entertaining. The series was named as a play on coarse fishing; other later Coarse books were written by Michael Green.

Hughes married Margery Pargeter in 1931 but the marriage ended in divorce, as did his second, to (Sybil) Barbara Mcfadyean (1917-2006)[23] in 1945. He married his third wife Charmain (née Finch Noyes) in 1955, and they moved from London to a 17th-century farmhouse at Ringmer, Sussex, near Glynde, where they lived until his death in 1987. She survived him and died in 2003. He had been one of the first music critics to visit the early performances at Glyndebourne Festival Opera in 1934, and made many contributions to Glyndebourne, including writing programme notes, providing subtitles for television performances, and publishing the first history of Glyndebourne Opera in 1965.[24]

• Who is Sylvia, song (c 1922)
• Pictures Unframed, piano solo (published Curwen, 1925)
• Sonata for Solo Cello (1926, published Curwen, 1928)
• Love for Love (Congreve) incidental music (1926)
• The Player Queen (Yeats) incidental music (1927)
• High Yellow, ballet (1932)
• I Scream Too Much, musical satire (1936)[25]
• Beyond the Stars (Molnar, based on The Swan), incidental music (1937)
• Nikki Makes News, radio play with music (1937)
• Bianca, a Romance with Music (Max Kester, Anthony Hall) (1938)
• Cinderella, opera for television (1938)
• Vocal Girl Makes Good, a Familiar Comedy with Music (1938)
• St Patrick's Day (Sheridan), opera for television (1947)
• Frankie and Johnny, musical (1950)
• The Moon Through the Window, radio play with music (1950)

• Opening Bars – Beginning an Autobiography (Pilot Press Ltd, London, 1946)
• Second Movement – Continuing the Autobiography (Museum Press, London, 1951)
• Out of Season – A Traveller's Tale of a Winter Journey (Robert Hale, 1955)
• Great Opera Houses (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1956)
• Famous Mozart Operas (1958, 2nd edition (Dover) 1972) ISBN 0-486-22858-4
• The Toscanini Legacy (Putnam & Co, 1959)
• Famous Puccini Operas (1962, 2nd edition (Dover) 1972) ISBN 0-486-22857-6
• Glyndebourne, A History of the Festival Opera (Methuen, London, 1965)
• Famous Verdi Operas (Robert Hale, London, 1968) ISBN 0-7091-0205-4

• The Spike Hughes Page
• Challenge Records. Spike Hughes and his Negro Orchestra 1933 - The complete set