State censuses in the United States

Throughout U.S. history, various U.S. states conducted their own censuses. These censuses were often conducted every ten years, in years ending with a five to complement the U.S. federal census (which is carried out in years that end with zero). Also, some of these censuses were conducted in U.S. states while they were still U.S. territories (before they became U.S. states).

⊗ marks the point when statehood was attained.

StateDates and details of censuses
Alabama1818,⊗ 1820, 1821, 1823, 1850, 1855, 1866, and 1907.[1][2]
Alaska1870, 1878, 1879, 1881, 1885, 1887, 1890–1895, 1904–1907, 1914, and 1917⊗.[1][2]
Arizona1866, 1867, 1869, 1872, 1874, 1876, 1880, and 1882⊗.[1][2]
Arkansas1823, 1829⊗, 1865, and 1911.[1][2]
California1788, 1790, 1796, 1797–1798, 1816, 1836, 1844,⊗ 1852.[1] California's first five censuses were conducted back when it was under Spanish rule whereas its sixth and seventh censuses were conducted when California was under Mexican rule.[3][2]
Colorado1885, 1861⊗, and 1866.[1][2]
Connecticut1756, 1761, 1774, and 1782⊗[4][2]
Delaware1782⊗[1][2]
District of Columbia1803, 1867, and 1878.[1]
Florida1825⊗, 1855, 1866, 1867, 1868, 1875, 1885, 1895, 1935, and 1945.[1][2]
Georgia1798, 1800, 1810, 1827, 1834, 1838, 1845, 1852, 1853, 1859, 1865, and 1879.[1][2]
HawaiiThe Kingdom of Hawaii conducted censuses in 1832, 1836, 1850, 1853, 1860, 1866, 1872, 1878, 1884 and 1890. The Republic of Hawaii conducted a census in 1896.[1][5] The Territory of Hawaii (1898-1959) did not conduct any censuses, nor has the State of Hawaii.[5]
IdahoNone known.[1]
Illinois1810⊗, 1818, 1820, 1825, 1830, 1835, 1840, 1845, 1855, and 1865.[1][2]
Indiana1807⊗, 1853, 1857, 1871, 1877, 1883, 1889, 1901, 1913, 1919, and 1931.[1][2]
Iowa1836, 1838, 1844⊗, 1846, 1847, 1849, 1851, 1852, 1854, 1856, 1885, 1895, 1905, 1915, and 1925.[1][2]
Kansas1855⊗, 1865, 1875, 1885, 1895, 1905, 1915, and 1925.[1][2]
KentuckyNone known.[1]
Louisiana1853 and 1858.[1]
Maine1837.[1]
Maryland1712, 1755,[4] 1776, and 1778⊗[1][2]
Massachusettsconducted censuses in 1764–1765, 1776, 1784,[4] 1855, 1865,[1] 1875,[6] 1885,[7] 1895,[8] 1905,[9] 1915,[10] 1925,[11] 1935, 1945, 1955, 1965, 1975, and 1985.[12]

The structure of Massachusetts state censuses was similar to those of U.S. federal censuses.[13]

Michigan1837, 1845, 1854, 1864, 1874, 1884, 1888, 1894, and 1904.[1]
Minnesota1849, 1853, 1855, 1857⊗, 1865, 1875, 1885, 1895, 1905.[1][2]
Mississippi1801, 1805, 1808, 1810, 1816,⊗ 1818, 1820, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1825, 1830, 1833, 1837, 1840, 1841, 1845, 1850, 1853, 1860, and 1866.[1][2]
Missouri1797, 1803, 1817, 1819⊗, 1840, 1844, 1852, 1856, 1860, 1864, 1876, and 1880.[1] Missouri's first census was conducted back when it was under Spanish rule.[2]
MontanaNone known.[1]
Nebraska1854, 1855, 1856, 1865⊗, 1869, and 1885.[1][2]
Nevada1862, 1863⊗, and 1875.[1][2]
New Hampshire1767, 1773, 1775, and 1786⊗[4]
New Jersey1726, 1737, 1745,[4]⊗ 1855, 1865, 1875, 1885, 1895, 1905, and 1915.[1][2]
New Mexico1790, 1823, 1845, and 1885⊗.[1] Its first three censuses were conducted when New Mexico was still under Spanish rule.[2]
New York1698, 1703, 1712, 1723, 1731, 1737, 1746, 1749, 1756, 1771, 1786⊗, 1790,[4] 1825, 1835, 1845, 1855, 1865, 1875, 1892, 1905, 1915, and 1925.[1][2]

Only the name of the head of household is listed in New York state censuses from 1825 to 1845.[14] Beginning in 1855, the name of every person in the household is listed.[14] The 1855 to 1875 New York state censuses asked the person for the name of the county that one was born in if one was born in New York State.[14] Also, the 1865 New York state census asked many questions about military service.[14]

New York did not conduct a census in 1885 because its Governor David B. Hill refused to support the proposed census due to its extravagance and cost.[15][16] Governor Hill objected to the idea of spending so much state money on a state census that was as extravagant as the 1880 U.S. Census.[15][16]

The 1892 New York state census is more vague, asking only for a country of birth (rather than a specific U.S. state or New York county of birth), not indicating relationships of various people to each other, and not indicating where new families begin on the census forms.[14] Indeed, the 1892 New York state census contained only seven questions — name, sex, age, color (race), country of birth, citizenship status, and occupation.[17] Meanwhile, the censuses from 1905 to 1925 asked for relationships of people to each other but also only asked for a country of birth.[14] Also, the 1925 New York state census asked for the date and place of naturalization for naturalized U.S. citizens.[14]

North Carolina1786⊗[1][2]
North Dakota1885, 1915, and 1925.[1]
OhioNone known.[1]
Oklahoma1890⊗ and 1907.[1][2]
Oregon1842, 1843, 1845, 1849, 1850, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858⊗, 1859, 1865, 1870, 1875, 1885, 1895, and 1905.[1][2]
PennsylvaniaNone known.[1]
Rhode Island1708, 1730, 1748, 1755, 1774, 1776 or 1777, 1782⊗,[4] 1865, 1875, 1885, 1905, 1915, 1925, and 1935.[1][2]
South Carolina1825, 1839, 1869, and 1875.[1]
South Dakota1885⊗, 1895, 1905, 1915, 1925, 1935, and 1945.[1][2]
Tennessee1891.[1]
TexasTexas conducted a census between 1829 and 1836, back when it was still under Mexican rule.[1]
Utah1856⊗[1]
VermontNone known.[1]
Virginia1635, 1782,[4] 1783, 1784, 1785, and 1786.⊗[1][2]
Washington1856, 1857, 1858, 1860, 1871, 1874, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 1881, 1883, 1885, 1887⊗, 1889, 1891, 1892, and 1898.[1][2]
West VirginiaNone known.[1]
Wisconsin1836, 1838, 1842, 1846, 1847⊗, 1855, 1865, 1875, 1885, 1895, and 1905.[1][2]
Wyoming1875 and 1878⊗[1][2]

References
  1. "State Censuses – History – U.S. Census Bureau". Census.gov. Retrieved 2017-09-22.
  2. "Statehood Dates". 50states.com. Retrieved 2017-09-23.
  3. "Introduction-Early History of the California Coast-A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary". Nps.gov. Retrieved 2017-09-23.
  4. "1, Population In The Colonial And Continental Periods". A Century of Population Growth (PDF). Bureau of the Census. 1909.
  5. Thirteenth Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1910: Statistics for Hawaii Containing Statistics of Population, Agriculture, and Manufactures for the Territory, Counties and Cities (PDF). Original from the University of Chicago: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1913.
  6. "Census of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts: 1875". Massachusetts. Bureau of Statistics of Labor. 2008-03-25. Retrieved 2017-09-23 – via Archive.org.
  7. "Full text of "Census of Massachusetts: 1885"". 2016-10-23. Retrieved 2017-09-23 – via Archive.org.
  8. "Census of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts: 1895". Massachusetts. Bureau of Statistics of Labor. 2008-03-25. Retrieved 2017-09-23 – via Archive.org.
  9. "Census of the commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1905". Massachusetts. Bureau of Statistics of Labor. 2008-03-25. Retrieved 2017-09-23 – via Archive.org.
  10. "The decennial census, 1915". Massachusetts. Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2017-09-23 – via Archive.org.
  11. "The decennial census, 1925". Massachusetts. Secretary of the Commonwealth. Retrieved 2017-09-23 – via Archive.org.
  12. "Browsing State Census Documents by Issue Date". Archives.lib.state.ma.us. 1985-01-01. Retrieved 2017-09-23.
  13. "Archives: Researching Your Family's History at the Massachusetts Archives". Sec.state.ma.us. 2008-01-01. Retrieved 2017-09-23.
  14. "New York State Census". Frontiernet.net. Retrieved 2017-09-23.
  15. Public Papers ... – New York (State). Governor, New York (State). Governor (1885–1892 : Hill).
  16. Peter R. Eisenstadt. The Encyclopedia of New York State.
  17. "1892 New York State Census". Frontiernet.net. 1996-09-07. Retrieved 2017-09-23.
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