Suffield Block

The Suffield Block is an area located within Cypress County, southern Alberta, Canada approximately bounded by Highway 884 on the west, Highway 555 on the north, the South Saskatchewan River on the east and the Trans-Canada Highway on the south. The Suffield Block is managed by CFB Suffield.

This article is about the Suffield (or British) Block. For the military base that manages the Block, see CFB Suffield.

History

On 9 April 1941, following discussions between the Province of Alberta and the federal government, the federal government issued an order-in-council that authorized the Department of National Defence (DND) to enter into a lease arrangement[1] for land within the Tilley East area. A matching order-in-council by the Province provided the Minister of Lands and Mines the necessary approvals to execute the leased agreement to the federal government for 99 years at a cost of one dollar per year[2] to support the operation of the Experimental Station Suffield by DND. However, the land to be leased by DND was not vacant. A number of farmers and ranchers held rights to portions of the land by title and lease. Under the agreement, the Alberta Government was to arrange with the owners and lease holders to vacate the land for financial compensation and land in other areas of the province. DND agreed to provide the Province the funds to obtain the privately held lands at fair market value. The Province sent agents to Medicine Hat to begin negations with the land owners. However, it soon became clear that most land holders were not interested in selling their lands for the compensation offered. The Province relayed this information to DND and the Federal Government made the decision to expropriate the land.

All non-Crown held land on the 2,960 km2 (1,140 sq mi) area of the Suffield Block was expropriated by the Canadian federal government[3][4] and included the cancellation of all lease arrangement. The expropriation orders were filed on 31 May 1941[5] and 8 August 1941[6] at the South Alberta Land Title Office in the City of Calgary.

Upon the termination of the Second World War, provincial held lands within the "British Block" (or Suffield Block) was transferred from the province to the federal government in exchange for a large number of army and air camps and buildings from the Dominion government (War Assets Corporation).[7]

The community of Bingville was the largest village effected by the creation of the Block. The name of the community was drawn from a hat which resulted in naming the village after the comic strip Bingville Bugle. The Bingville Bugle was written by humorist Clyde Newton Newkirk as a parody of a hillbilly newsletter complete with gossipy tidbits, minstrel quips, creative spelling, and mock ads. In 1941, a Royal Canadian Mounted Police officer appeared in Bingville, which was not quite an oasis in the desert, but it was a pocket of better land and was graced with a little more rain. Under orders from the federal government, by arrangement with Alberta, the Mountie bade the settlers to decamp within 30 days.[8] William Alfred Pratt, a trustee of the Bingville School, was one of the local farmers who had their property expropriated in the creation of the Block.

Brutus and Tripole were other communities within the Suffield Block. Learmouth, Bemister and Kalbeck are place names along the Hanna – Medicine Hat Canadian Northern Railway grade within the Suffield Block that was never completed.

Two national historic sites of Canada are located on the Suffield Block. The British Block Cairn National Historic Site is one of the best examples of a large boulder cairn and an important example of Niitsitapi cultural heritage. The Suffield Tipi Rings National Historical Site preserves a dense concentration of tipi rings.

The outline of the Suffield Block was traced from a Landsat 7 images. The background Landsat 7 image is "© Department of Natural Resources Canada. All rights reserved" and is available for use under the "Geogratis Licence Agreement For Unrestricted Use Of Digital Data". The outline includes the main base area of CFB Suffield and the Crown Village of Ralston.

Named regions
Name Event Conflict
Amiens Battle of Amiens First World War
Batoche Battle of Batoche North-West Rebellion
Caen Battle for Caen Second World War
Cambrai The 2nd Battle of Cambrai First World War
Casa Berardi Assault at Casa Berardi, part of the Moro River Campaign Second World War
Coriano The battle for Coriano Ridge Second World War
Dieppe Dieppe Raid Second World War
Fish Creek Battle of Fish Creek North-West Rebellion
Hochwald The battle of the Hochwald Second World War
Kap Yong Battle of Kapyong Korean War
Koomati Part of the Battle of Leliefontein Second Anglo-Boer War
Liri The battle in the Liri Valley Second World War
Lundy's Lane Battle of Lundy's Lane War of 1812
Mons Liberation of Mons First World War
Moreuilwood Battle of Moreuil Wood First World War
Ortona Battle of Ortona Second World War
Paardeberg Battle of Paardeberg Second Anglo-Boer War
Queenston Battle of Queenston Heights War of 1812
Ypres Second Battle of Ypres First World War

Additional names not associated with a military event: AEC Oil Access Area, Owl, Eagle, Lark, Hawk and Falcon.

On 19 June 2003, the Suffield National Wildlife Area (SNWA) was created and comprises the Amiens, Ypres, Casa Berardi and Fish Creek regions of the Suffield Block.

Alberta Homestead maps (circa 1918)
Township 17 & 18 — Range 7, 8 & 9 — Brutus, Bingville, Tripola, Kalbeck, Sinensen
Township 17 & 18 — Range Range 4, 5 & 6 — Along the S. Saskatchewan River
Township 15 & 16 — Range 7, 8 & 9 — Learmouth, Bemister
Township 15 & 16 — Range Range 4, 5 & 6 — Along the Saskatchewan River
Township 13 & 14 — Range 7, 8 & 9 — Stair, Bowell, Dennis, Suffield
Township 13 & 14 — Range 4, 5 & 6 — Bowmanton, Cousins, Redcliff

References
  1. P.C. 2508-1941, "Lease arrangement with Alberta", approved 9 April 1941
  2. "The Provincial Lands Act, 1939 - Lease of Provincial Lands for Military Purposes - Approved", Alberta O.C. 562-41 (effective 23 April 1941), The Alberta Gazette, 30 April 1941
  3. Susan L. Smith and Stephen Mawdsley, Proving Ground: Alberta's Role in U.S. Health Policy for Soldiers and School Children at Mid-Twentieth Century
  4. Donald H. Avery, The Science of War, Canadian Scientists and Allied Military Technology During the Second World War
  5. Instrument Number 7096 F.A., Dated 28 May 1941, Registered on 31 May 1941, South Alberta Land Title Office, Calgary, Alberta
  6. Instrument Number 8499 F.A., Dated 23 June 1941, Registered on 8 August 1941, South Alberta Land Title Office, Calgary, Alberta
  7. Alberta Dept. of Education. Annual report. v.42nd 1947
  8. D.C. Jones, Empire Of Dust, University of Calgary Press, 2002
  • The Glenbow Museum contains photographs and other material concerning the Suffield Block.
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