Superb parrot

The superb parrot (Polytelis swainsonii), also known as Barraband's parrot, Barraband's parakeet, or green leek parrot,[1][2][3] is a parrot native to south-eastern Australia. It is a dimorphic species and one of three species in the genus Polytelis.

Superb parrot
Adult male in Canberra, Australia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Psittaculidae
Genus: Polytelis
Species:
P. swainsonii
Binomial name
Polytelis swainsonii
(Desmarest, 1826)
Restored habitat for the Superb parrot on an abandoned railway line

The superb parrot is mostly bright green with darker flight feathers and is about 40 cm (16 in) long with a long pointed tail. Adult males have continuous yellow foreheads and throats, with a red horizontal band across the border of the throat.

Taxonomy

First described by French naturalist Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest in 1826, the superb parrot is one of three species in the genus Polytelis of long-tailed parrots.[4] Common names include superb parrot and, in avicultural circles, Barraband's parrot or parakeet, named after the artist Jacques Barraband who illustrated it for Francois Le Vaillant in 1801[5] or green leek (although the last is applied to several unrelated species).[6] Its closest relative is the regent parrot.

Description

The superb parrot is medium-sized, bright green, approximately 40 cm (16 in) long, and has long tail feathers, a yellow-green neck, and yellow-orange irises. The adult male has a scarlet band on its upper chest and a bright yellow face and throat. The adult female has a pale blue-green face, greyish-green throat, a variable tinged russet-pink fore-throat, and orange thighs. Juveniles have brown irises and otherwise resemble females.[7] The male has adult coloured plumage at the age of about one year.[2]

Distribution and habitat

An Australian endemic, the superb parrot is restricted to the dry (sclerophyll) woodlands of New South Wales and Victoria. There is estimated to be at least 10,000 individuals in the wild.[8]

Important Bird Areas

BirdLife International has identified the following sites as being important for superb parrot conservation:[9]

Behaviour

It nests on hollow limb or a hole in a tree. During breeding season, small flocks of males often forage for food alone. Pairs may nest in a loose colonial system of as many as 6 pairs, so females are in the neighborhood at this time. The diet consists mainly of eucalypt flowers, fruits, nectar and pollen. It consumes seeds and green heads of the Yellow Box (Eucalyptus melliodora).[10][11]

Conservation status

International

Due to ongoing habitat loss in Australia, small population size and limited range, the superb parrot was evaluated as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species,[1] until it was downlisted to Least Concern in 2012.[12] It is listed on Appendix II of CITES.

Australia

Superb parrots are listed as vulnerable on the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Their conservation status also varies from state to state within Australia; for example, the superb parrot is listed as threatened on the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988).[13] Under this Act, an Action Statement for the recovery and future management of this species has been prepared.[14]

Threatening processes

During February–June 2005, timber logging in the Barmah State Forest destroyed 60 percent of the nesting colonies of the superb parrot (6,000 tonnes or 6,600 short tons of river red gums): with fewer than 150 breeding in Victoria, this has severely compromised their chances of survival.[15][16]

In December 2008, dozens of reports were filed of superb parrots being hit by cars.[17] NPWS wildlife officials speculated that the parrots had gorged on grain spilled from an uncovered truck and became unable to move, eventually being hit by automobiles.

  • Adult male superb parrot in Canberra
  • Adult female superb parrot in Canberra
  • Closeup of male

References
  1. BirdLife International (2012). "Polytelis swainsonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  2. Juniper, Tony; Parr, Mike (1998). "Chapter 121: Superb Parrot". Parrots; A Guide to Parrots of the World. Pica Press. ISBN 1-873403-40-2.
  3. Alderton, David (2003). The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Caged and Aviary Birds. London, England: Hermes House. p. 187. ISBN 1-84309-164-X.
  4. "Zoological Nomenclature Resource: Psittaciformes (Version 9.020)". www.zoonomen.net. 2009-03-05.
  5. Lendon, p. 117
  6. Lendon, p. 114.
  7. Forshaw, Joseph M. (2006). Parrots of the World; an Identification Guide. Illustrated by Frank Knight. Princeton University Press. plate 51. ISBN 0-691-09251-6.
  8. "BirdLife Species Factsheet - Polytelis swainsonii". BirdLife International. 2008.
  9. "Superb Parrot". Important Bird Areas. BirdLife International. 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-29.
  10. Lendon, p. 116.
  11. David Alderton, Birds of the World, p. 426.
  12. "Recently recategorised species". Birdlife International (2012). Retrieved 18 June 2012.
  13. List of threatened fauna on the FFG Act, Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria Archived 2005-07-18 at the Wayback Machine
  14. List of Approved Action Statements, Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria Archived 2006-09-11 at the Wayback Machine
  15. Minchin, Liz (2005-08-06). "Blunder gives loggers wrong area, rare parrot loses nesting trees". The Age (Melbourne). p. 11.
  16. "Homeless Parrots in the Fire". logging has been taking place in the Barmah forests for over 150 years - they are what they are today as a result of Forest management - logging increases the health of the forest and reduces the risk of fire - therefore increasing the health of all fauna that live there.
  17. Sydney Morning Herald. "Gorged Parrots at Risk" (bottom of page). Retrieved December 31, 2008.

Cited text
  • Lendon, Alan H. (1973). Australian Parrots in Field and Aviary (2nd ed.). Sydney: Angus and Robertson. ISBN 0-207-12424-8.
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