Swiftsure-class ironclad

The Swiftsure class battleships of the late Victorian era were broadside ironclads designed and built specifically for service as Flagships on the Pacific station.

HMS Swiftsure sometime after she was converted to barque rig during an 1879-1881 refit.
Class overview
Builders: Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company, Jarrow
Operators:  Royal Navy
Preceded by: Audacious-class
Built: 1868–1873
In commission: 1872–1921
Planned: 2
Completed: 2
General characteristics
Type: Ironclad warship
Displacement: 6,910 long tons (7,020 t)
Length: 280 ft (85 m)
Beam: 55 ft (17 m)
Draught:
  • 24 ft 5 in (7.44 m) light
  • 26 ft 1 in (7.95 m) deep load
Propulsion:
  • One-shaft Maudslay 2-cylinder HRCR
  • 6 boilers
  • 4,910 ihp
Sail plan: Ship-rigged, sail area 41,900 sq ft (3,890 m2)
Speed: 14 knots (16 mph; 26 km/h) under power
Complement: 450
Armament:
  • 10 × 9-inch (230 mm) muzzle-loading rifles
  • 4 × 6-inch (150 mm) muzzle-loading rifles
  • 6 × 20-pounder saluting cannon
Armour:
  • Belt: 6–8 inches (150–200 mm)
  • Battery: 4–6 inches (100–150 mm)
  • Bulkheads: 4–5 inches (100–130 mm)

Design

In appearance the two ships of the class, HMS Swiftsure and HMS Triumph, were very similar to HMS Audacious; under water their hulls were very similar to that of HMS Defence. The intention was to make the ships good performers under sail, while at the same time being stable ships and good gun platforms.

At the design stage it had been suggested by the Committee on Designs that the ships should be built with their artillery mounted in two turrets, with some smaller guns positioned fore and aft. As there was at that time not sufficient experience with turret-mounted armament, and none at all with turrets in first-class battleships, the idea did not find favour and this class was completed with a broadside box battery deployed on two levels, on the main and on the upper deck.

Fouling of ships' hulls by marine life had been a problem since the dawn of shipbuilding. Until the middle of the nineteenth century ships' bottoms had been sheathed with copper sheeting, which prevented fouling but was expensive. Sheathing with zinc plate or with Muntz metal was used thereafter, as it was cheaper. For the Swiftsure class, however, a reversion was made to copper sheathing, as in the Pacific there were no docking facilities whatsoever - until the completion of the dockyard at Esquimalt in 1886 - and the sheathing applied on commissioning had to serve for the whole commission.

All ranks were berthed on the main deck; berthing for seamen in previous classes had been on the lower deck. As the officers' accommodation was well ventilated and well lit, the ships were universally popular.

History

The two ships spent some time in reserve, but in their active careers they took turns as flagship of the Pacific station.

References
  • Oscar Parkes British Battleships ISBN 0-85052-604-3

Media related to Swiftsure class battleship (1870) at Wikimedia Commons

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