Syagrus (beetle)
Syagrus is a genus of leaf beetles in the subfamily Eumolpinae.[4] They are known from the mainland of Africa as well as Madagascar. They are often attracted by plants in the family Malvaceae;[5] Syagrus rugifrons and Syagrus calcaratus are pests of cotton. The larvae of Syagrus calcaratus attack the roots of the plant and cause it to wilt.[6]
| Syagrus | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Chrysomelidae |
| Subfamily: | Eumolpinae |
| Tribe: | Typophorini |
| Genus: | Syagrus Chapuis in Lacordaire, 1874[1][2] |
| Type species | |
| Syagrus buqueti (= Cryptocephalus calcaratus Fabricius, 1775) | |
| Synonyms[3] | |
|
Neomenius Duvivier, 1891 | |
According to Brian J. Selman (1965), Syagrus is probably restricted to the mainland of Africa.[7] The Syagrus species described from Madagascar may actually belong to Pheloticus.[4]
Species
Species of Syagrus include the following:[4]
- Syagrus adrarensis Pic, 1942
- Syagrus allochromus Bechyné, 1964[3] †
- Syagrus ambrensis Bechyné, 1964[3] †
- Syagrus angolensis Pic, 1939[8]
- Syagrus atriventris Pic, 1939
- Syagrus auratus Weise, 1883[9]
- Syagrus basipennis (Fairmaire, 1902) †
- Syagrus bodongi Weise, 1905
- Syagrus brunneus (Jacoby, 1892)[10] †
- Syagrus calcaratus (Fabricius, 1775)
- Syagrus castellanus Bechyné, 1964[3] †
- Syagrus cinerascens Fairmaire, 1894
- Syagrus concoloricornis Pic, 1940[11]
- Syagrus conradsi Pic, 1939
- Syagrus corrosicollis Lefèvre, 1891[12]
- Syagrus discomaculatus Pic, 1939[8]
- Syagrus femoralis (Weise, 1910) †
- Syagrus femoratus Lefèvre, 1891[12]
- Syagrus fuscoaeneus Fairmaire, 1894
- Syagrus haroldi (Duvivier, 1891) †
- Syagrus hovus Bechyné, 1951[13] †
- Syagrus inhumeralis Pic, 1936
- Syagrus interstitialis (Jacoby, 1904)
- Syagrus iridescens Pic, 1940[11]
- Syagrus laurenti Pic, 1949
- Syagrus lebisi Bechyné, 1947[14] †
- Syagrus luteoapicalis Pic, 1939
- Syagrus maculosus Lefèvre, 1891[12]
- Syagrus marlenus Bechyné, 1964[3] †
- Syagrus maromandiae Bechyné, 1946[15] †
- Syagrus marshalli Jacoby, 1898[16]
- Syagrus minutus Jacoby, 1895[17]
- Syagrus monardi Pic, 1939[8]
- Syagrus morio Harold, 1877[18]
- Syagrus opacus Jacoby, 1900
- Syagrus ortobiensis Selman, 1963
- Syagrus perpuncticollis (Burgeon, 1940)
- Syagrus pullatus Bechyné, 1947[14] †
- Syagrus puncticollis (Harold, 1877)[18]
- Syagrus quartus Bechyné, 1964[3] †
- Syagrus quintus Bechyné, 1964[3] †
- Syagrus recidivus Bechyné, 1947[14] †
- Syagrus rhembastoides Bechyné, 1947[19] †
- Syagrus rufipennis (Duvivier, 1891) †
- Syagrus rufipennis Pic, 1940[11] — homonymy with S. rufipennis (Duvivier, 1891)
- Syagrus rufobrunneus Lefèvre, 1890
- Syagrus rugiceps Lefèvre, 1890
- Syagrus rugifrons Baly, 1878[20]
- Syagrus sansibaricus (Lefèvre, 1891)[12]
- Syagrus secundus Bechyné, 1964[3] †
- Syagrus sehranus Aslam, 1968[21]
- Syagrus semirufus Pic, 1940
- Syagrus semistriatus (Fairmaire, 1886) †
- Syagrus sexnotatus Lefèvre, 1891[12]
- Syagrus sextus Bechyné, 1964[3] †
- Syagrus silfverbergi Selman, 1973[22]
- Syagrus strangulatus Bechyné, 1947[14] †
- Syagrus strigaticeps (Lefèvre, 1891)[12]
- Syagrus tertius Bechyné, 1964[3] †
- Syagrus tristis Jacoby, 1904
- Syagrus vadoni Bechyné, 1946[15] †
† described from Madagascar, may belong to Pheloticus[4]
Species moved to Afroeurydemus:[23]
- Syagrus apicicornis Lefèvre, 1891[12]
- Syagrus atricollis Pic, 1940[11]
- Syagrus atricolor Pic, 1940[11]
- Syagrus brunneopunctatus Pic, 1941
- Syagrus cribricollis Pic, 1939
- Syagrus diversepunctatus Pic, 1940[11]
- Syagrus holasi Pic, 1953
- Syagrus nigrosignatus Lefèvre, 1877
- Syagrus nodieri Pic, 1941
- Syagrus pallidicolor Pic, 1941
- Syagrus quadrimaculatus Pic, 1940:[11] renamed to Afroeurydemus parvomaculatus Zoia, 2019
- Syagrus semicostatus Pic, 1940[11]
- Syagrus signatus Pic, 1940[24]
- Syagrus testaceicornis Pic, 1941
Species moved to Microsyagrus[23]
- Syagrus discoidalis Pic, 1940[24]
- Syagrus favareli Pic, 1938
- Syagrus madoni Pic, 1940[11]
- Syagrus raffrayi Pic, 1940[11]
- Syagrus recticollis Pic, 1949
- Syagrus testaceonotatus Pic, 1940
- Syagrus trinotatus Pic, 1939[8]
Species moved to Paraivongius:[23]
- Syagrus bicolorimembris Pic, 1940[11]
- Syagrus bicoloripes Pic, 1939[8]
- Syagrus disconotatus Pic, 1939[8]
- Syagrus diversipennis Pic, 1940[11]
- Syagrus gabonicus Pic, 1952
- Syagrus geniculatus Lefèvre, 1891[12]
- Syagrus limbatus Lefèvre, 1891[12]
- Syagrus obscuripes Pic, 1952
- Syagrus rufometallicus Pic, 1951
- Syagrus varicolor Lefèvre, 1891[12]
- Syagrus viridicollis Pic, 1940[24]
- Syagrus chopardi Pic, 1950
References
- "Taxonomy for Syagrus". Insectoid.Info. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
- Chapuis, F. (1874). "Tome dixième. Famille des phytophages". In Lacordaire, J.T.; Chapuis, F. (eds.). Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Genera des coléoptères. Paris: Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret. pp. i–iv, 1–455.
- Bechyné, J. (1964). "Notizen zu den madagassischen Chrysomeloidea" (PDF). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft (E. V.). 54: 68–161.
- "genus Syagrus". African Eumolpinae site (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae). Retrieved 20 March 2017.
- Jolivet, Pierre; Verma, Krishna (2008). "Eumolpinae – a widely distributed and much diversified subfamily of leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)". Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews. 1 (1): 3–37. doi:10.1163/187498308X345424. S2CID 85943158.
- Vaissayre, J.; Cauquil, M. (2000). Main Pests and Diseases of Cotton in Sub-Saharan Africa. Editions Quae. p. 10. ISBN 978-2-87614-416-3.
- Selman, B. J. (1965). "A revision of the Nodini and a key to the genera of Eumolpidae of Africa (Coleoptera: Eumolpidae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology. 16 (3): 141–174. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.21864.
- Pic, M. (1939). "Coléoptères Phytophages d'Angola". Revue Suisse de Zoologie. 46 (4): 115–142.
- Weise, J. (1883). "Fünf neue Syagrus". Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 27 (2): 335–336.
- Jacoby, M. (1892). "Descriptions of some new Genera and new Species of Phytophagous Coleoptera from Madagascar". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1892: 564–579.
- Pic, M. (1940). "Opuscula martialis". L'Echange, Revue Linnéenne, Moulins. Numéro spécial: 1–16.
- Lefèvre, E. (1891). "Descriptions d'espèces nouvelles de Clytrides et d'Eumolpides". Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique. 35: CCXLVIII–CCLXXIX.
- Bechyné, J. (1951). "Contribution a la connaissance des Eumolpide Malgaches" (PDF). Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon. 20 (4): 91–94. doi:10.3406/linly.1951.7395.
- Bechyné, J. (1947). "Diagnosy nových madagaskarských mandelinek čel. Eumolpidae. De Eumolpidarum madagascariensium formis novis (Col. Phytophaga)" (PDF). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 25: 95–102.
- Bechyné, J. (1946). "Notulae ad cognitionem Phytophagorum madagascariensium (Col.)" (PDF). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 24: 69–81.
- Jacoby, M. (1898). "Additions to the knowledge of the Phytophagous Coleoptera of Africa. Part I". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1898: 212–242.
- Jacoby, M. (1895). "Chrysomeliden von Togo (Bismarckburg)". Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift. 1895 (1): 165–188.
- Harold, E. von (1877). "Coleopterorum species novae". Mitteilungen der Münchener Entomologischen Vereins. 1: 97–111.
- Bechyné, J. (1947). "Chrysomeloidea Madagassa (Coleoptera)" (PDF). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 25: 29–47.
- Baly, J. S. (1878). "Description of New Species and Genera of Eumolpidæ" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 14 (75): 246–265. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1878.tb01834.x.
- Aslam, N. A. (1968). "Nomenclatorial notes on Chrysomeloidea (Coleoptera)". Journal of Natural History. 2 (1): 127–129. doi:10.1080/00222936800770691.
- Selman, B. J. (1973). "Coleoptera from North-East Africa. Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae. (Zoological contribution from the Finnish expeditions to the Sudan No. 34)". Notulae Entomologicae. 53 (4): 159–166.
- Zoia, S. (2019). "Nomenclature changes in African Eumolpinae with reference to type specimens preserved in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N.S.). 55 (1): 61–86. doi:10.1080/00379271.2018.1556119. S2CID 155689938.
- Pic, M. (1940). "Nouvelle série de Coléoptères d'Angola". Revue Suisse de Zoologie. 47 (17): 359–365. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.144765.
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