TMEM156

TMEM156 is located on the short arm of Chromosome 4. It is found at position 4p14. It has four known transcripts, only two of which have proteins.[2]

Cytogenetic band: 4p14[2]

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The image above shows chromosome four and the various gene locations on it. TMEM156 can be seen at the thin red band that has been placed at p14.

TMEM156 is 66,499 bases and 296 amino acids in length.[4] TMEM156 spans from 38,966,744 to 39,032,922 bp.[5]

TMEM156 has one known splice variant, TMEM156-003. It has one transmembrane region and is 179 amino acids in length resulting in a lower molecular mass of 20.9 kDa.[6] In addition the isoelectric point is 7.0633 and the gene has four transcripts.[7]

This image depicts the various transcript variants of TMEM156. It can be observed here that there are two variants that have protein coding function and two that are just processed transcripts.

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There is one known isoform of TMEM156. This particular isoform uses an alternate in-frame splice site in the 3' coding region. The resulting isoform is shorter than the original.[9]

The TMEM156 protein is 296 amino acids in length. It has a molecular weight of 34.323 kDa and an isoelectric point of 7.98.[10] The protein interacts with the membrane three total times as seen in the figure below.

This image depicts the interaction of the protein with the membrane of the Endoplasmic Reticulum. It can be seen here that the protein crosses the membrane three times.[11]

TMEM156 has a secondary structure composed of primarily α-helices. Phyre was used to create this structure that can be viewed on the right hand side of this article. It is evident that the predicted protein structure is vastly composed of α-helices. The N terminus is located at the top of the image and the C terminus is at the bottom.[12]

Phyre software was used to create a predicted 3-D structure of TMEM156. It can be seen that this protein is composed vastly of alpha helices. The N terminus is on the top of the image and the C terminus is located on the bottom.

This structure was predicted by analyzing the amino acid sequence using I-TASSER. The final result can be see below.[13]

I-TASSER software was used to predict the tertiary structure of TMEM156. It is evident that the protein is composed primarily of alpha helices as seen by the magenta coils.

Glycosylation at Asn 45 and Asn 156 along with N-glycosylation seen in the portion of the protein that is found in the cytoplasm.[14]

The k-NN tool suggests the location of TMEM156 in the Endoplasmic Reticulum of the cell with 44.4% certainty. The following locations were all predicted with 11.1% certainty: vacuolar, vesicles of secretory system, extracellular, plasma membrane, and mitochondrial.[15]