Taxus cuspidata

It is widely grown in eastern Asia and eastern North America as an ornamental plant.

• 
  Closeup of the leaves on a stem
• 
  Rough bark of the tree

The structure of Taxine B, the cardiotoxic chemical in the yew plant

The entire yew bush, except the aril (the red flesh of the berry covering the seed), is toxic due to a group of chemicals called taxine alkaloids. Their cardiotoxicity is well known and act via calcium and sodium channel antagonism, causing an increase in cytoplasmic calcium currents of the myocardial cells. The seeds contains the highest concentrations of these alkaloids.[4][5] If any leaves or seeds of the plant are ingested, urgent medical advice is recommended as well as observation for at least 6 hours after the point of ingestion.[6][7] The most cardiotoxic taxine is Taxine B followed by Taxine A - Taxine B also happens to be the most common alkaloid in the Taxus species.[8][9][10] Yew poisonings are relatively common in both domestic and wild animals who consume the plant accidentally.[11][12][13] The taxine alkaloids are absorbed quickly from the intestine and in high enough quantities can cause death due to general cardiac failure, cardiac arrest or respiratory failure.[14] Taxines are also absorbed efficiently via the skin and Taxus species should thus be handled with care and preferably with gloves.[15] Taxus Baccata leaves contain approximately 5 mg of taxines per 1g of leaves.[9] The estimated(i.e. not by any means a fact) lethal dose (LD_min) of Taxus baccata leaves is 3.0-6.5 mg/kg body weight for humans[16] There is currently no known antidotes for yew poisoning, but drugs such as atropine have been used to treat the symptoms.[17] Taxine remains in the plant all year, with maximal concentrations appearing during the winter. Dried yew plant material retains its toxicity for several months and even increases its toxicity as the water is removed,[18] fallen leaves are also toxic.[19] Although poisoning usually occurs when leaves of yew trees are eaten, in at least one case a victim inhaled sawdust from a yew tree.[20]

The following book made it clear that it is very difficult to measure taxine alkaloids and that this is a major reason as to why different studies show different results.[21] Minimum lethal dose, oral LD_min for many different animals were tested:

Chicken 82.5 mg/kg

Cow 10.0 mg/kg

Dog 11.5 mg/kg

Goat 60.0 mg/kg

Horse 1.0–2.0 mg/kg

Pig 3.5 mg/kg

Sheep 12.5 mg/kg

Several studies[22] have found taxine LD₅₀ values under 20 mg/kg in mice and rats.

For symptoms of human toxicity see Taxine alkaloids

Male and monoecious yews in this genus release toxic pollen, which can cause the mild symptoms see Taxine alkaloids. The pollen are also a trigger for asthma. These pollen grains are only 15 microns in size, and can easily pass through most window screens.[23]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Taxus cuspidata.