Tehachapi Loop

The Tehachapi Loop is a 3,779 feet (0.72 mi; 1.15 km) long spiral,[1] or helix, on the Union Pacific Railroad Mojave Subdivision through Tehachapi Pass, of the Tehachapi Mountains in Kern County, south-central California. The line connects Bakersfield and the San Joaquin Valley to Mojave in the Mojave Desert.

BNSF train on Tehachapi Loop in 2011, with mixed trailer-on-flatcar and double-stack container manifest
An eastbound Santa Fe train passes over itself on the loop in April 1987
A panoramic view of the Tehachapi Loop looking north-west
Pictorial cancellation from the Keene Post Office celebrating the Loop's 129th anniversary
National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark identifier

Rising at a steady two percent grade, the track gains 77 feet (23 m) in elevation making a 1,210-foot (370 m) diameter circle in the Loop.[1][2] Any train at least as long as the loop passes over itself going around the loop. At the bottom of the loop, the track passes through Tunnel 9, the ninth tunnel built as the railroad worked from Bakersfield.

The line averages approximately 36 freight trains each day;[1] passenger services such as Amtrak's San Joaquin are normally banned from using the loop.[3] Due to its frequent trains and scenic setting, the Tehachapi Loop is popular with railfans.[3] In 1998 it was named a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark and is designated as California Historical Landmark #508.[4]

History

One of the engineering feats of its day, the Loop was built by Southern Pacific Railroad to ease the grade over Tehachapi Pass. Construction began in 1874, and the line opened in 1876.[1][5] Contributors to the project's construction include Arthur De Wint Foote and the project's chief engineer, William Hood.[6]

The siding on the loop is known as Walong after Southern Pacific District Roadmaster W. A. Long.[7][8]

The project was constructed under the leadership of Southern Pacific's civil engineers, James R. Strobridge and William Hood, using a predominantly Chinese labor force. The Tehachapi line necessitated 18 tunnels, 10 bridges, and numerous water towers to replenish steam locomotives.[1] Between 1875-76 about 3,000 Chinese workers equipped with little more than hand tools, picks, shovels, horse-drawn carts and blasting powder cut through solid and decomposed granite to create the helix-shaped 0.73 mile loop with grades averaging about 2.2 percent and an elevation gain of 77 feet. In 1882 the line was extended through Southern California and the Mojave Desert with 8,000 Chinese men working under Strobridge and another man. Both of the men came out of retirement after working on the Central Pacific Railroad.

A large white cross, "The Cross at the Loop", stands atop the hill in the center of the loop in memory of two Southern Pacific Railroad employees killed on May 12, 1989, in a train derailment in San Bernardino, California.[5]

The Tehachapi Depot Museum is located in the nearby town of Tehachapi.

Operations

The Loop became the property of the Union Pacific in 1996, when the Union Pacific and Southern Pacific systems merged. Trains of the BNSF Railway also use the loop under trackage rights.

Although Southern Pacific ran passenger trains on the Loop for years, it banned passenger service there soon after handing its trains to Amtrak in 1971. Union Pacific has maintained the ban since taking over Southern Pacific. As a result, Amtrak's San Joaquin train is unable to directly serve Los Angeles.[3] Amtrak operates Thruway Motorcoach buses for passengers wanting to travel between the Central Valley and Los Angeles.

An exception is made for the Coast Starlight, which uses the line as a detour if its normal route is closed.[3][9]

California Historical Landmark

The California Historical Landmark reads:

NO. 508 TEHACHAPI LOOP - From this spot may be seen a portion of the world-renowned Loop completed in 1876 under the direction of William Hood, Southern Pacific railroad engineer. In gaining elevation around the central hill of the Loop, a 4,000-foot train will cross 77 feet above its rear cars in the tunnel below.[10]

See also

References
  1. "Tehachapi Pass Railroad Line". asce.org. American Society of Civil Engineers. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
  2. Ande, Howard (2010). "Tehachapi in the 21st Century". NRHS Bulletin. National Railway Historical Society. 75 (Spring 2010): 4–21.
  3. Christopher McFadden (February 11, 2017). "Going Round the Bend with the Tehachapi Loop".
  4. "Tehachapi Loop". Office of Historic Preservation, California State Parks. Retrieved October 7, 2012.
  5. "Tehachapi Loop history". Tehachapi_online. Archived from the original on November 18, 2011. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
  6. Rickard, Thomas Arthur (1922). Interviews with Mining Engineers. San Francisco: Mining and Scientific Press. p. 172. OCLC 2664362. Arthur De Wint Foote.
  7. Jenkins, Jim C. & Jenkins, Ruby Johnson (1995). Exploring the Southern Sierra, West Side. Wilderness Press. p. 23. ISBN 0-89997-181-4.
  8. Durham, David L. (1998). California's Geographic Names. Quill Driver Books. p. 1124. ISBN 1-884995-14-4.
  9. "Passenger trains will be diverted over Tehachapi Loop". Tehachapi News. 1 March 2013.
  10. https://www.californiahistoricallandmarks.com/landmarks/chl-508 californiahistoricallandmarks.com Landmark chl-508]

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