Tetronarce

Tetronarce
	Tetronarce nobiliana
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Chondrichthyes
Order:	Torpediniformes
Family:	Torpedinidae
Genus:	Tetronarce; T. N. Gill, 1862
Species
	Nine; see text

Tetronarce is a genus of rays, commonly known as electric rays. They are slow-moving bottom-dwellers capable of generating electricity as a defense and feeding mechanism. Tetronarce species tend to attain a much larger size (up to 180 cm TL) than Torpedo species, which are usually small to moderate sized (range from 25 to 80 cm TL) electric rays.[1]

Species

There are currently nine recognized species in this genus:[1]

Name	Common name	Distribution
Tetronarce californica Ayres, 1855	Pacific electric ray	northeastern Pacific Ocean from Baja California to British Columbia.
Tetronarce cowleyi Ebert, D. L. Haas & M. R. de Carvalho, 2015 [2]	Cowley's torpedo ray	around southern Africa, from Walvis Bay, Namibia to Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Tetronarce fairchildi F. W. Hutton, 1872	New Zealand torpedo	New Zealand
Tetronarce formosa D. L. Haas & Ebert, 2006	Taiwan torpedo	Northwest Pacific: Taiwan.
Tetronarce macneilli Whitley, 1932	Shorttail torpedo	southern Australia from Port Hedland to the Swain Reefs
Tetronarce nobiliana Bonaparte, 1835	Atlantic torpedo	Atlantic Ocean, from Nova Scotia to Brazil in the west and from Scotland to West Africa and off southern Africa in the east
Tetronarce puelcha Lahille, 1926	Argentine torpedo	Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay.
Tetronarce tokionis S. Tanaka (I), 1908	Trapezoid torpedo	Japan and Taiwan.
Tetronarce tremens F. de Buen, 1959	Chilean torpedo	Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Peru.

References

Carvalho, M.R. de. (2015): Torpedinidae. In : Heemstra, P.C., Heemstra, E. & Ebert, D.A. (Eds.), Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean. Vol. 1. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa. In press.
Ebert, D.A., Haas, D.L. & de Carvalho, M.R. (2015): Tetronarce cowleyi, sp. nov., a new species of electric ray from southern Africa (Chondrichthyes: Torpediniformes: Torpedinidae). Zootaxa, 3936 (2): 237–250.

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[Carvalho2015-1] Carvalho, M.R. de. (2015): Torpedinidae. In : Heemstra, P.C., Heemstra, E. & Ebert, D.A. (Eds.), Coastal Fishes of the Western Indian Ocean. Vol. 1. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa. In press.

[Ebert2015-2] Ebert, D.A., Haas, D.L. & de Carvalho, M.R. (2015): Tetronarce cowleyi, sp. nov., a new species of electric ray from southern Africa (Chondrichthyes: Torpediniformes: Torpedinidae). Zootaxa, 3936 (2): 237–250.