The Plague of Florence

The Plague in Florence (German: Pest in Florenz)[lower-alpha 1] is a 1919 German silent historical film directed by Otto Rippert for Eric Pommer's Deutsche Eclair (Decla) production company. The screenplay was written by Fritz Lang.[4] It stars Marga von Kierska, Theodor Becker, Karl Bernhard and Julietta Brandt.[5] The film is a tragic romance set in Florence in 1348, just before the first outbreaks in Italy of the Black Death, which then spread out across the entire continent.[6]

The Plague of Florence
Directed byOtto Rippert
Produced byErich Pommer
Written byFritz Lang
Based onThe Masque of the Red Death, short story by Edgar Allan Poe[1]
StarringTheodor Becker
Karl Bernhard
Julietta Brandt
Music byBruno Gellert
CinematographyWilly Hameister
Emil Schünemann [2]
Production
company
Release date
23 October 1919[3]
Running time
102 minutes (2000 restored version)
CountryGermany
LanguageSilent
German intertitles

Lang's screenplay was based on the Edgar Allan Poe story The Masque of the Red Death, but he heightened the story's sexual tension by making the plague appear in the form of a beautiful seductress.

Plot

Julia, a rich courtesan (Marga von Kierska), arrives in Florence. A cardinal fears that her beauty could rival the church's power, and orders inquiries to be made about her Christian beliefs. Cesare, the city's ruler, and Lorenzo (his son) both fall madly in love with her. A mob, led by Lorenzo, storms the palace where Julia is about to be tortured. Lorenzo kills Cesare, his father, and rescues her. Lust and excess overtake the city. Even Medardus, a hermit, is overcome by her beauty, and he also is driven to commit sacrilegious acts. Florence's fine buildings are turned into dens of sexual debauchery. Excess and manslaughter continue uninterrupted until the arrival of a ragged female figure personifying the Plague, who infects the whole city with her deadly disease and plays the fiddle while the population dies in droves.

Cast
  • Otto Mannstädt as Cesare, ruler of Florence
  • Anders Wikmann as Lorenzo, Cesare's Son
  • Karl Bernhard as Lorenzo's confidant
  • Erich Bartels as A Fool
  • Franz Knaak as The Cardinal
  • Erner Hübsch as A monk
  • Marga von Kierska as Julia, a courtesan
  • Auguste Prasch-Grevenberg as Julia's first servant
  • Hans Walter as Julia's confidant
  • Theodor Becker as Medardus, a hermit
  • Julietta Brandt as The Plague

Production

The production company was Eric Pommer's Decla Film-Gesellschaft, the German branch of the French Éclair company (hence Deutsche Éclair). It didn't become Decla-Bioskop until 1920, after merging with Deutsche Bioskop. The latter company was originally formed by Jules Greenbaum in 1899, sold to Carl Moritz Schleussner in 1908,[7] and moved to the Babelsberg studios in 1911.[8]

The imposing, crowd-filled, exterior sets of mediaeval Florentine architecture including the Medici Palace[9] were designed by the architect Franz Jaffe (1855-1937), previously royal buildings advisor to the King of Prussia. Some of the more intimate interior scenes were filmed at the Weissensee Studios on 9 Franz Josef-Straße, Weissensee, Berlin,[10] a glasshouse studio built in 1914 for the Continental-Kunstfilm production company.

The cameramen Willy Hameister and Emil Schünemann had previously filmed Continental's In Nacht und Eis, the first feature film about the sinking of the RMS Titanic: one of the stars in that film was Otto Rippert, who then went on to direct some further ten films for Continental in 1912 and 1913, most of which are considered lost.[11] See also List of films made by Continental-Kunstfilm. Cameraman Hameister had also previously worked on the hugely successful film The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, released earlier that year. Rippert had earlier that year directed Dance of Death with Fritz Lang's screenplay.[12]

Performances

The film received its première at the Marmorhaus cinema in Berlin, but the music specially composed by Bruno Gellert wasn't finished in time, and wasn't played until several days later.[13]

References
Notes
  1. The German title, as evidenced by the publicity poster, and by watching the credits at the very start of the film, is simply Pest in Florenz, without the article Die. Even the article on German Wikipedia de:Die Pest in Florenz is currently (January 2021) mis-titled. See also External links.
Citations
  1. Sarno 2005, p. 132.
  2. Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 209.ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
  3. Film-Kurier (Berlin) vol. 1, no. 107, 9 October 1919, p. 3. (in German). Accessed 23 February 2016.
  4. Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 209.ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
  5. Ott, p.19
  6. Tibayrenc 2007, p. 731.
  7. Hampicke, Evelyn (2015). "Jules Greenbaum". CineGraph - Lexikon zum deutschsprachigen Film. (in German). Cinegraph.de. Retrieved 31 March 2015.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  8. "Babelsberg". Berliner Film-Ateliers. Ein kleines Lexikon. Lexikon zum deutschsprachigen Film. (Online edition of Berg-Ganschow & Jacobsen 1987, pp. 177–202) (in German). Cinegraph.de. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
  9. Lichtbild-Bühne, Vol. 12, no. 30, 26 July 1919, p. 27. (in German). Accessed 23 February 2016.
  10. Robinson 1997, p. 25.
  11. Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 210.ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
  12. Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era. Midnight Marquee Press. p. 210.ISBN 978-1936168-68-2.
  13. Lichtbild-Bühne (Berlin), Vol. 12, no. 43, 25 October 1919, p. 20. (in German) Accessed 23 February 2016.
Sources
  • Berg-Ganschow, Uta; Jacobsen, Wolfgang, eds. (1987). ...Film...Stadt...Kino...Berlin... (in German). Argon (S. Fischer Verlag). ISBN 978-3870241056.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Halle, Randall; McCarthy, Margaret (2003). Light Motives: German Popular Film in Perspective. Wayne State University Press.
  • Ott, Frederick W. (1979). The films of Fritz Lang. Carol Publishing Group.
  • Robinson, David (1997). Das Cabinet Des Dr. Caligari. London: British Film Institute. ISBN 0851706452.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Sarno, Gregory (2005). Contemporizing the Classics: Poe, Shakespeare, Doyle. iUniverse. ISBN 9780595339785.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Tibayrenc, Michel, ed. (2007). "Filmography of infectious diseases". Encyclopedia of infectious diseases: modern methodologies. Wiley Desktop Editions. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780470114193.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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