Timeline of Aarhus
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Aarhus, Central Denmark Region, Denmark.
Viking Age
- 750-800 - Aarhus is founded by the northern shore of the Aarhus River.[1]
- c. 900 - The first church, the Holy Trinity Church, is built during the reign of Frode, King of Jutland.[2]
- c. 900 - Gorm the Old fortifies Aarhus with ramparts.[3]
- 10th century - Harald Bluetooth strengthens and expands the ramparts.[1]
- 948 - First mention of Aarhus as the bishop of Aarhus Reginbrand attends the Synod of Ingelheim.[4][5]
- 988 - Diocese of Aarhus is dissolved.[6]
- 1035–42 - Harthacnut coins money stamped with the original name of Aarhus: "AROS".[6]
- 1043
- Svend Estridsen gains support from Aros in war against Magnus the Good and a battle between the two are fought in the Bay of Aarhus.[7]
- Magnus the Good becomes ruler of Aarhus for a period and coins money inscribed "Magnus Konge, Lif-sig i Aros" in latin.[7]
- 1050 - Harald Hardrada attacks Aarhus and burns the settlement including the Holy Trinity Church.[8][9]
- 1060
- Diocese of Aarhus is reestablished as Svend Estridsen divides the country into 8 bishoprics.[6]
- Crypt church is constructed on the site of the former Holy Trinity Church and present day Church of Our Lady.[1][10]
Middle Ages
- 1080 - The crypt church is expanded and dedicated to Saint Nicholas.[11]
- 12th century
- 1134 - The bishop of Aarhus Ulkil is killed at the Battle of Fotevik in support of King Niels.[13]
- 1180
- Saint Nicholas Church mentioned as the first cathedral of Aarhus.[11]
- Niels of Aarhus dies and is buried in Aarhus.[14]
- 1191 - Peder Vognsen is appointed bishop by King Canute VI.
- c. 1192 - Construction begins on Aarhus Cathedral on the burial site of Niels of Aarhus.
- 1195 - Aarhus Cathedral School is mentioned for the first time. The school possibly predates the Aarhus Cathedral.
- 13th century - Valdemar II builds a grain mill at Aarhus River and hand grinders are made illegal.[15][16]
- c. 1250 - Dominican friars are given Saint Nicholas Church which they tear down and begins construction on Church of Our Lady.[11]
- 1298 - King Eric VI grants the Diocese of Aarhus rent from the peasantry enlisted in leidang.[12]
- 1441 - Christopher of Bavaria ratifies existing market town privileges.[17][18][19]
- 1477 -
- 1483 - King Hans ratifies that citizens of Aarhus are free of duties and may trade in all markets in Jutland.[17][18]
- 1496 - King Hans ratifies that citizens of Aarhus may use all fisheries in Jutland.[17][18]
Renaissance 16th - 18th century
- 1505 - King Hans establishes a four-mile exclusion zone around Aarhus within which only citizens may trade with farmers.[17][18][22]
- 1542 - Large fires break out destroying parts of present Indre By.[23][24]
- 1546 - Parts of the city burns down as fires breaks out.[23][24]
- 1556 - Large fires breaks out.[23][24]
- 1627-1629 - Aarhus is occupied by Albrecht von Wallenstein's troops on behest of Ferdinand II during the Thirty Years' War.[23][24]
- 1637 - Thors Mølle is constructed as a powder mill.[25]
- 1644-1645 - Occupation by Swedish troops during the Torstenson War[23][24]
- 1657 - Wooden city walls erected as octroi is introduced.[26]
- 1657-1659 - Aarhus is occupied during the Dano-Swedish wars of 1657–58 and 1658–60.[23][24]
- 1659
- Aarhus is bombarded by 13 Swedish warships during the Dano-Swedish War of 1658–60.[23][24]
- Plague breaks out in the city. Nationwide a third of the population is killed.[23][24]
- 1662 - The medieval fiefs reformed into counties and Aarhus County is established.[27]
- 1672 - 3,474 inhabitants.[28]
- 1740 - New citizens council established, composed of the wealthiest citizens.[29]
- 1794 - Århus Stiftstidende is published for the first time.
19th century
- 1801 - 3,837 inhabitants.[28]
- 1830
- Regular steamship links with Copenhagen begins.[30]
- Vennelystparken opens for the first time.
- 1838 - Electoral rules changed to allow voting for the city council.[31]
- 1840 - 7,087 inhabitants.[28]
- Harbor moved from the Aarhus river to the coast.[32][33]
- 1849
- Occupied by Prussian troops during the First Schleswig War.[34]
- The skirmish known as Rytterfægtningen is fought in the area of present-day Trøjborg.
- Denmark gets constitution and new electoral laws. The greater half of citizens representatives to be elected by all citizens while the other half is elected by the highest taxed citizens.[35]
- 1850 - The psychiatric hospital of Jydske Asyl opens.
- 1851 - 11,009 inhabitants.[28]
- Octroi abolished and the city walls removed.
- 1854 - Frichs company is established.
- 1856 - The Ceres Brewery is established.
- 1862 - Jutland's first railway established between Aarhus and Randers.[36]
- 1864 - Aarhus is occupied by Prussian troops during the Second Schleswig War.[37]
- 1869 - Citizen Representation reformed to a city council with 19 members elected for 6 years. 10 members elected by all citizens, 9 by the highest taxed.[38]
- 1871
- Aarhus Oliefabrik A/S is established.
- Jyllands-Posten publishes its first paper.
- 1873 - Cholera kills 213.[39]
- 1874 - Frederiksbjerg annexed.
- 1875 - Aarhus Botanical Gardens is constructed.
- 1876 - The Grenaa Line opens; connecting Aarhus to Grenå by rail.
- 1880 - 24,831 inhabitants.[28]
- 1882 - Aarhus County Hospital founded.
- 1883
- Aarhus Butterine Company is established.
- First public transportation in the form of horse drawn carriages.[40]
- 1884 - The rail line Odderbanen opens, connecting Aarhus to Odder.
- 1893 - Aarhus Municipal Hospital is founded.
- 1896
- Korn- og Foderstof Kompagniet is established.
- Marselisborg estate purchased.
- Construction on Trøjborg begins.
- 1900 - Aarhus Theatre is completed.
20th century
A city map of Aarhus in 1900, (Danish language edition)
- 1901 - 51,814 inhabitants.[28]
- 1902
- The State Library is finished. The historicist building was later repurposed as Erhvervsarkivet (The Corporate Archives) in 1948.[41]
- Marselisborg Palace is established.
- 1904 - Tivoli Friheden starts as an amusement park.
- 1906 - Frederik Ferdinand Salling opens the store that will eventually grow to become the Salling department store.[42]
- 1909
- Aarhus hosts the National Exhibition of 1909.[43]
- Electoral periods for the city council changed to 4 years, privileged electoral system abolished and women given voting rights.[38]
- 1911 - 64,607 inhabitants.[28]
- 1912 - Den Gamle By is established.
- 1913 - Marselisborg Hospital opens.
- 1919 - First publicly elected mayor.[44]
- 1921 - 86,197 inhabitants.[28]
- 1925 - Mindeparken is established.
- 1928
- Aarhus University is opened.
- Aarhus Sporveje is established.
- 1929 - The Central Station is completed.
- 1930 - 101,423 inhabitants.[28]
- 1931 - Spanien Public Baths opens.
- 1932
- Marselisborg Deer Park is established.
- University Park is established.
- 1933
- The first university buildings opens
- Den Permanente is established.
- 1937 - The ring road of Ring 1 is finished.
- 1940 - 126,459 inhabitants.[28]
World War II
- 10 April 1940 - Aarhus occupied by invading German troops.[45]
- 1941
- The Aarhus City Hall by architect Arne Jacobsen is completed.
- The Royal Air Force bombs a viaduct in Viby.[45]
- 24 September 1942 - The Aarhus oil mill is bombed by the Royal Air Force.[46]
- 3 July 1943 - The resistance bombs and destroys the viaduct at Spanien.[47]
- 4 July 1944 - German barge loaded with ammunition explodes in the harbor killing 38.
- 22 August 1944 – Aarhus Sporveje tram depot on Dalgas Avenue is blown up in an act of schalburgtage.[48]
- 10 October 1944 - German steamer Scharnhörn bombed by the resistance movement.[47]
- 30 September 1944 – Aarhus-Hallen is bombed killing 5 people.[48]
- 9 October 1944 – The Peter group destroys the building of the newspaper Demokraten.[48]
- 31 October 1944 - The Gestapo headquarters in Aarhus University is bombed by the Royal Air Force.
- 11 November 1944 – Five buildings on Ryesgade are destroyed by the Peter group.[48]
- 12 November 1944 – Buildings in Søndergade 10-14, 23- 27, 29 and 58-60 are bombed.[48]
- 2 December 1944 – Aarhus Håndværkerforening is bombed killing 1 person.[48]
- 21 January 1945 – Vennelyst Teateret (Vennelyst Theatre) in Vennelystparken is bombed.[48]
- 22 February 1945 – The Peter group bombs Guldsmedgade, Nørregade, Ryesgade and Aarhus Theatre killing 8 people.[48]
- 13 March 1945 – Risskovtoget (Risskov Train) is bombed killing two people.[48]
- 29 March 1945 - Editor of Århus Stiftstidende Børge Schmidt is shot and killed in a clearing murder.[48]
- 5 May 1945 - Fighting between resistance fighters and German forces refusing surrender claims 15 lives.[49]
- 8 May 1945 - British troops enter and officially liberate Aarhus from German occupation.
Post-World War II
- 1945 - Aarhus Flydedok is established.
- 1948 - Erhvervsarkivet (The Corporate Archives) opens in the building formerly housing the State Library.[41]
- 1950 - 153,546 inhabitants.[28]
- City management of Aarhus is changed to a Magistrate.[50][51]
- 1960 - 177,234 inhabitants.[28]
- First direct elections of county council.[27]
- 1963 - The landmark State and University Library tower and building in yellow brick at the university campus is finished.
- 1965 - The first Aarhus Festuge festival is held.
- 1968 - Construction of the Gellerup Plan, a large modernist suburban satellite city, begins.
- 1970 - 199,427 inhabitants.[28]
- Aarhus Municipality is merged with a number of surrounding municipalities during the 1970 Danish Municipal Reform
- 1975 - The anti-nuclear Smiling Sun logo is designed by the local group of Organisationen til Oplysning om Atomkraft.[52]
- 1977 - The first Moesgård Vikingetræf event is held.
- 1979 - Machine manufacturing company Frichs, a large local employer, is declared bankrupt. Production in Aarhus was finally halted, after more than 125 years, in the 1980s.
- 1982 - Musikhuset (Aarhus Concert Hall) is finished
- 1983 - Gaffa is published for the first time.[53]
- 1987 - The ring road of Ring 2 opens.
- 1988
- University hospital Skejby Sygehus opens.
- The afforestation of the New Forests of Aarhus is initiated.
- 1989 - The first Aarhus International Jazz Festival.
- 1990 - 200,188 inhabitants.[28]
- 1991
- KaosPilots is founded by Uffe Elbæk.[54]
- Marselisborg Yacht Harbour opens
- 1994 - The first SpoT Festival is held.
- 1995 - Scandinavian Center is finished
- 2000 - 217,260 inhabitants.[28]
21st century
- 2002
- Louise Gade becomes the first woman and non-Social Democratic mayor of Aarhus.
- The re-establishment of Årslev Engsø begins.
- 2003
- The dockyard of Aarhus Flydedok closes after 58 years, following a bankruptcy.
- Bruun's Galleri shopping mall opens.
- 2004 - ARoS art museum opens
- 2005 - The nature sites of Hasle Hills and Skjoldhøjkilen are inaugurated.
- 2006 - 228,674 inhabitants.[28]
- The lake of Egå Engsø is created.
- 2007
- Construction begins on Aarhus Ø.
- Aarhus County is dissolved and Aarhus becomes part of Central Denmark Region.
- 2008 - The Ceres Brewery closed production in Aarhus after 152 years.
- 2009
- Sculpture by the Sea is held for the first time.
- The first Northside Festival is held.
2010's
- 2011
- City council elects to change spelling from "Århus" to "Aarhus".[55]
- Aarhus University Hospital is created.
- 2012
- Aarhus Pride is held for the first time.
- Construction begins on CeresByen.
- 2013 - 256,018 inhabitants.[28]
- Construction begins on Aarhus Letbane (Aarhus light rail)
- 2014
- The new Moesgård Museum (MOMU) opens.
- The New University Hospital (DNU) partly opens to become fully operational in 2020.
- Aarhus City Tower, the second tallest building in the city at 94 metres, opens.
- 2015
- Dokk1 opens.
- Redevelopment of Frederiks Plads begins.
- 2017
- Aarhus is European Capital of Culture
- The inner harbour front and two squares of Hack Kampmanns Plads and Havnepladsen are finished.
- Aarhus Letbane opens
- 2018 - 273,077 inhabitants
- The harbour baths of Havnebadet opens
- The New University Hospital (DNU) is finished
- Aarhus County Hospital is closed after 136 years of service
- Risskov Psychiatric Hospital (Jydske Asyl) is closed after 168 year of service
- 2019
- Aarhus Municipal Hospital is closed after 125 years of service
See also
- Mayors of Aarhus (since 1919)
- Timelines of other cities in Denmark: Copenhagen
References
- Annette Damm (2005). "Aros 700-1100". Vikingernes Aros (1st ed.). Moesgård Museum. ISBN 978-8-7873-3462-4.
- "Kirkerne i Århus" (PDF) (in Danish). Danmarks Kirker: Nationalmuseet. p. 52. Retrieved 16 July 2014.
- "Kongeby". Moesgård Museum. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
- "Aarhus Cathedral". Danmarkshistorien.dk. Aarhus University. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
- "By efter by". Den Store Danske (in Danish). Retrieved 16 July 2014.
- "Registrantområder - Indre by". Aarhus Municipality, 2nd Department of the Magistrate. p. 11. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
- Paludan 1998, p. 19.
- "The Viking Age in Scandinavia". Vikingeskibsmuseet. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
- Paludan 1998, p. 20.
- "Skt. Nicolai Domkirke". Aarhus University. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
- "Kryptkirken". Church of Our Lady. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- Paludan 1998, p. 28.
- Paludan 1998, p. 30.
- Paludan 1998, p. 31.
- "Mølleparken" (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
- Paludan 1998, p. 32.
- Jens Rasmussen H Bertz (2011). Aktstykker Vedkommende Staden Og Stiftet Aarhus, Volume 1 (1st ed.). Nabu Press. ISBN 978-1-1790-3641-0.
- "Købstadsprivilegier". Aarhus University. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
- Paludan 1998, p. 57.
- "The Moat" (in Danish). The Viking Museum. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
- "Historien om Aarhus" (in Danish). Aarhus Stadsarkiv. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
- Paludan 1998, p. 58.
- "Seks krige mod broderfolket". Århus Stiftstidende. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
- "Aarhus under Svenskekrigene". Århus Stiftstidende. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
- "Krudt Kradsuld og Kaffe Ved Thors Moelle". Stadsarkivet. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- "Nørre Stenbro". Århus Municipality. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
- "Amter" (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
- "Købstæder, befolkning". Aarhus University. Archived from the original on 10 August 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
- Beck 1997, p. 4.
- "Dokk1 og Dampskibsbroen" (in Danish). Stadsarkivet. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- "Aarhus byråd" (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- Paludan 1998, p. 42.
- "Rapport over udviklingen af den moderne havn i Aarhus fra o.1840-2006" (PDF) (in Danish). Byhistorie. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- "Treaarskrigen 1848" (in Danish). Danmarkshistorien, Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- "Byens raad 1838-1868" (in Danish). Aarhus Municipality. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
- Christiansen 1984, p. 6.
- "1864 Jylland besat af tyske tropper" (in Danish). Århus Stiftstidende. Archived from the original on 8 December 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- "Byens raad 1869-1919" (in Danish). Aarhus Municipality. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
- Beck 1997, p. 3.
- "Sporvogne i Aarhus" (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- Ejgil Søholm and Karl V. Thomson, ed. (1977). Fra Bispetoften til Bjerget. Statsbiblioteket 1902-77 (in Danish). Universitetsforlaget i Aarhus. ISBN 87-504-0392-3.
- "Salling" (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- "Landsudstillingen i Aarhus" (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- "Aarhus Borgmester" (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- "Den Tyske besættelse" (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- "Bomber over Aarhus" (in Danish). Den Gamle By. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
- "Dagbog fra besættelsen" (in Danish). Jyllandsposten. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- "Schalburgtage_i_Aarhus" (in Danish). Aarhus University. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- "Blodbad på Bispetorv" (in Danish). Jyllandsposten. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- "Magistratstyre". Aarhus University. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
- "Byens raad 1919-1969" (in Danish). Aarhus Municipality. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
- "Atomkraft - Nej Tak". Den Gamle By. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
- "Gaffa". Den Gamle By. Archived from the original on 2 August 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
- "KaosPiloter". Den Gamle By. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
- "Aarhus skifter navn". Politiken. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
- Publications
- Paludan, Helge (1998). Århus bys historie, fra vikingetid til nutid. Husets Forlag. ISBN 978-8-7748-3366-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Christiansen, Asger (1984). Aarhus-Randers elektriske Jernbane. Banebøger. ISBN 978-8-7886-3204-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Beck, Bue (1997). Aarhus:Byens Historie. 1720-1870. Århus Byhistorisk Fond. ISBN 87-8938-629-9.
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