Tirailleurs malgaches

The tirailleurs malgaches were a corps of colonial infantry established in Madagascar.

Overview

After the annexation of Madagascar by France in 1896, Malagasy troops were recruited, and the Tirailleurs malgaches were formed along similar lines to the Senegalese Tirailleurs, forming part of the Troupes coloniales of the French Armed Forces. In 1905, there were three regiments, each of three battalions apiece, stationed at Tananarive, Tamatave and Diego Suarez.[1]

World War I
French colonial troops from Madagascar on the march, October 1917.

During World War I, the governor general of the colony, Hubert Garbit, organised the mobilisation of the Malagasy population. The first contingent was sent in October 1915 to France, followed by five others in 1916. Like their Tirailleurs indochinois counterparts the Tirailleurs malgaches battalions were initially employed behind the lines in guard, depot and factory-worker duties, rather than being deployed in a combat role. [2] A total of 26 battalions were formed between 1916 and 1918, were garrisoned mainly at the camps of Fréjus and Puget-sur-Argens in the Var, and most were dissolved in 1918, with around 15,000 men being transferred to the artillery. The fr:12e bataillon de tirailleurs malgaches was the only battalion to be awarded the Fourragère of the Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France) for three unit citations.[3] Up until 22 July 1918, it formed part of the highly decorated 1st Moroccan Infantry Division.


45,863 Malagasy served in the ranks of the French Army (including 41,355 under Arms). Among the combatants, 10,000 were incorporated into heavy artillery regiments.[4] A total of 3,101 Malagasy people were killed or reported missing and 1,835 injured.

References
  1. "L'Armée Coloniale Française.". Les armées du XXe Siècle, supplement illustré. Pages Perso SFR (in French). Paris: Le Petit Journal Militaire, Maritime, Colonial. 1905. Archived from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  2. Flandrin, Antoine (20 May 2014). "L'image du tirailleur malgache de la Grande Guerre est brouillée". Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 19 August 2020. Pendant la Grande Guerre, plus de 41 000 Malgaches ont été recrutés par l’armée française pour combattre en Europe. La grande majorité d'entre eux seront utilisés pour les travaux de génie.
  3. "bataillons de tirailleurs malgaches: 1er bataillon : J.M.O. (suite) - 21 octobre 1915-1er juin 1919 - 26 N 875/2" (JPG). Mémoire des hommes: Journaux des Unites (1914-1918) (in French). Ministere De la Defense. images 1 to 14. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  4. "Des noirs dans les régiments métro[politaines]?". Forum pages14-18 (in French). 11 February 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2020. Large numbers of "Creoles", "Africans" and "Malagasy" ethnicities were incorporated into the Régiments d'Artillerie Lourde from 1917

Bibliography
  • Razafindranaly, Jacques (2000). Les soldats de la Grande île : d'une guerre à l'autre, 1895-1918. Repères pour Madagascar et l'Océan indien (in French). Paris: L'Harmattan. ISBN 978-2-738-49281-4.
  • Léonard, Arnaud (21 May 2014). La Grande Île dans la Grande Guerre. L'expérience combattante des Malgaches (1914-1918). Travailleurs et soldats. Les hommes des colonies dans la Grande Guerre (in French). Paris: Lycée français de Tananarive, Madagascar.
  • Garbit, Hubert-Auguste (1919). L'effort de Madagascar pendant la guerre. Ministère des Colonies, Gouverneur général de Madagascar (in French). Paris: Augustin Challamel. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  • Frémeaux, Jacques (2006). Les colonies dans la Grande Guerre: Combats et épreuves des peuples d'outre-mer (in French). Saint-Cloud (Hauts de Seine: Ed. 14-18. ISBN 978-2-9519539-7-0. OCLC 951649837.
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