Tonedale Mills

During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, the Were family of Wellington began producing serge as a cottage industry. In the early 1700s, Edward Fox married Hannah Were, and soon took over the trade.[1] The wool industry thrived in areas used for sheep farming, like Somerset, and Taunton serge was particularly popular due to its balance between being light-weight and yet sufficiently thick.[2] The Were family established Tone Mills in 1754, and over the next seventeen years, the family's assets quadrupled as the industry thrived.[1] Thomas Fox, after learning the trade in Germany and the Netherlands for three years,[1] entered the business as a partner, and formally founded the company as Fox Brothers in 1772.[2] The technological breakthroughs of the late 18th century revolutionised textile manufacture,[3] In the 1790s, Fox Brothers purchased a complex of buildings in Tonedale known variously as the "Old Town Mills" or the "Old Flour Mills" to centralise their processes.[4] This move facilitated an increase in both quality and quantity, while cutting costs as other production was brought in-house; basket weaving, joinery, book binding and metalworking was all carried out on the site.[2]

Tonedale Mill in 2010

The site is notable for having remains of each phase of power generation: water, steam and electricity,[5] as when steam power was introduced, Fox Brothers opted to retain their water management system as it might prove useful. The site was continually growing through the nineteenth century, and at its peak employed around 3,600 people around Wellington, and produced 6,500 metres (21,300 ft) of material each day.[1] At the Tonedale complex, dyers working for Fox Brothers developed a khaki dye which was used by the British soldiers in the Second Boer War.[6] The complex was the largest woollen mill in South West England, and was rare in integrating ancillary processes on the same site. The mill continued to produce cloth on a large scale until it downsized in the 1980s. Most of the site is now abandoned, though parts are still used for small-scale production, and others have been sold off and converted into a small industrial estate.[4] In 1994 the last Fox family house in Wellington Tone Dale House was fully restored by Ben and Victoria Fox; Ben is the Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandson of Thomas Fox. Tone Dale House (since 1996) is now run as an events and hire venue, for house parties, weddings and corporate events, through their company The Big House Co. In 2009, Deborah Meaden and Douglas Cordeaux invested in Fox Brothers, allowing production to continue at Tonedale, after the company had been in danger of falling into bankruptcy.[7]

Plans to convert some of the site into housing were abandoned in 2008, during the global financial crisis, due to low levels of interest.[10] Development on the site was later supported by The Prince's Regeneration Trust,[11] and the site was listed on the Heritage at Risk Register in 2010,[12] while the Tone Mills site was identified in 2014 as being among the top ten Heritage at Risk "priority" sites in the South West.[13] Most of the site has been grade II* listed, granting it a level of preservation by English Heritage, though the organisation accept that "comprehensive restoration and reuse would not prove commercially viable" due to the size and state of disrepair of the site.[14]